Near‐Infrared Light‐Activatable Bismuth‐Based Nanomaterials for Antibacterial and Antitumor Treatment

Abstract

The treatment of diseases through precision phototherapy has attracted growing interest during the last decade. Remarkably, biocompatible bismuth‐based nanomaterials can be effectively activated by near‐infrared (NIR) light to fight bacterial infections and tumors. In addition, bismuth‐containing nanostructures are easy to be synthesized and exhibit excellent NIR absorption, ideal photothermal conversion, and X‐ray sensitivity for diagnosis and treatment. This review outlined the recent development of bismuth‐based nanomaterials in NIR phototherapy. The three most commonly used NIR‐responsive bismuth‐based nanomaterials including pristine bismuth nanomaterials, bismuth‐based compound nanomaterials, and bismuth‐based composite nanomaterials are exemplified. Furthermore, their photothermal and photodynamic therapy mechanisms, antibacterial, and antitumor applications are summarized. In addition, their NIR phototherapy enhancement strategies are also highlighted. Finally, the key issues and future directions of bismuth‐based nanomaterial phototherapy systems are discussed in detail. It is believed that the emerging NIR light‐activatable bismuth‐based nanomaterials can realize the actual antibacterial and antitumor via unremitting efforts of scientific researchers in the near future.

MXene‐Based Functional Platforms for Tumor Therapy

“…In the past decades, advanced functional nanomaterial-based antitumor strategies have shown great potential in achieving DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302559 remarkable antitumor effects by overcoming the bottleneck in traditional treatments. [7][8][9] For instance, the enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects of chemotherapy can be achieved with the employment of tumor-targeting or tumorresponsive release nanocarriers. [10][11][12] For spatiotemporal controllable photothermal therapy (PTT), an increasing number of nanomaterials with high photothermal conversion efficiency have been developed to realize the gratifying antitumor effects.…”

Tumor microenvironment-responsive artesunate loaded Z-scheme heterostructures for synergistic photo-chemodynamic therapy of hypoxic tumor

“…However, the low electron mobility and rapid hole-electron recombination give rise to a low ROS production capability of these reported Bi 2 S 3 NMs. Intriguingly, the photodynamic performance of Bi 2 S 3 NMs can be significantly improved by forming heterostructures especially Z-scheme heterostructures with other materials [16] . Z-scheme heterostructure materials which are composed of two different semiconductors (PS I and PS II) and solid electronic mediator, not only effectively achieve the spatial separation of electron-hole pairs, but also remain the strong oxidation–reduction active sites, directly leading to the improved efficiency of ROS generation under irradiation [17] .…”

Bismuth Quantum Dot (Bi QD)/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Nanocomposites with Self-Cleaning and Antibacterial Activity for Dental Applications

“…In recent years, Bi nanostructures have drawn extensive attention due to their fascinating properties, such as a high surface area, easy functionalization, narrow bandgap, high X-ray attenuation coefficient, low toxicity, and high stability [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. It was demonstrated that Bi nanostructures, such as Bi nanoparticles (NPs) [ 34 ], and mesoporous silica supported Ag-Bi NPs [ 35 , 36 ], exhibited superior antibacterial performance without antibiotics due to their facile controllability, poor drug resistance, and negligible side effects. The above-mentioned features merit Bi nanostructures as ideal candidates for cost-efficient, stable, and non-toxic antibacterial agents.…”