Near-infrared fluorescent probes for imaging of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer׳s disease

Abstract

One of the early pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer׳s disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in the brain. There has been a tremendous interest in the development of Aβ plaques imaging probes for early diagnosis of AD in the past decades. Optical imaging, particularly near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, has emerged as a safe, low cost, real-time, and widely available technique, providing an attractive approach for in vivo detection of Aβ plaques among many different imaging techniques. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the state-of-the-art development of NIRF Aβ probes and their in vitro and in vivo applications with special focus on design strategies and optical, binding, and brain-kinetic properties.

Close Correlation of Monoamine Oxidase Activity with Progress of Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice, Observed by in Vivo Two-Photon Imaging

“…Such properties offer precise and accurate data in investigating disease-related biological processes, in diagnosis and prognosis, and in drug discovery. 11,12 Among the various fluorescence imaging techniques, two-photon microscopy (TPM) has received increasing interest in recent years. TPM with near-infrared laser (NIR) light (700–1000 nm) allows focal point excitation and provides 3D images with excellent resolution, in addition to causing less photodamage and photobleaching needed for long-term imaging.…”

Conducting Polymer-Based Composite Materials for Therapeutic Implantations: From Advanced Drug Delivery System to Minimally Invasive Electronics

“…The CP-based injectable electronics with minimal invasiveness have great potential for neural study and brain recording such as single-unit neural AP recording [95], brain mapping [97,106], and biochemical sensing [107] which may promote the establishment of a next-generation brainmachine interface for both fundamental neuroscience and therapies [108]. By maximally reducing the tissue damage during implantation and minimizing the chronic immunoresponses, the CP-based injectable electronics can serve as a long-term monitoring platform in vivo [109] and can retrieve the physiological signals from the deep brain regions [110].…”

Chemical Probes for Human UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferases: A Comprehensive Review

“…Although many drugs and endogenous substances have been identified as probe substrates for a target UGT enzyme, the glucuronidation rates of these UGT probe substrates were routinely detected by LC‐UV or LC‐MS detectors, requiring relative long time for sample preparation and analysis. By contrast, fluorescence‐based biochemical assays have attracted great attention in biological and medical related fields, due to their inherent advantages including non‐destructive, highly sensitive, and applicable to HTS assays . Over the past decade, a wide range of fluorescence probes for serine hydrolases and other phase I metabolizing enzymes have been developed and widely used for evaluating enzyme activities and screening of enzyme modulators .…”

“…By contrast, fluorescence-based biochemical assays have attracted great attention in biological and medical related fields, due to their inherent advantages including non-destructive, highly sensitive, and applicable to HTS assays. [157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168] Over the past decade, a wide range of fluorescence probes for serine hydrolases and other phase I metabolizing enzymes have been developed and widely used for evaluating enzyme activities and screening of enzyme modulators. [47,48,50,51,[169][170][171][172][173] However, the design and development of fluorescence probes for UGTs is a very difficult task, due to the following three reasons.…”