This work describes the effects of different plasticizers, namely, glycerol, triacetin,
and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C
2
mim][OAc]), on the structure and
properties of thermomechanically processed, bulk chitosan and chitosan/alginate
materials. Mechanical data shows that, for the chitosan matrix, glycerol and
[C
2
mim][OAc] were highly effective at reducing intra- and intermolecular
forces between biopolymer chains, leading to increased ductility, while the
plasticization effect of triacetin was minor. Nonetheless, this triester effectively
suppressed biopolymer recrystallization, whereas [C
2
mim][OAc] promoted it.
In contrast, for the chitosan/alginate matrix, inclusion of triacetin resulted in
increased recrystallization, higher thermal stability, and excellent mechanical
properties. The triacetin assisted the interactions between biopolymer chains in this
polyelectrolyte complexed system. In contrast, the chitosan/alginate material
plasticized by [C
2
mim][OAc] displayed the most apparent phase separation,
poorest mechanical properties, and highest surface hydrophilicity, behavior associated
with the disruption of polyelectrolyte complexation and hydrogen bonding between
biopolymer chains. Interestingly, the formation of a “new structure” under
the electron beam during microscopy imaging was observed, likely from coordination
between alginate and [C
2
mim][OAc]. Thus, this work has revealed the strong
and unexpected effects of three different plasticizers on the hydrogen bonding and
electrostatic interactions within chitosan/alginate polyelectrolyte complexed materials,
which have potential for biomedical applications where balanced hydrophilicity and
mechanical properties are required.