“…It was shown that even two tabs could significantly increase mixing to sufficiently reduce the potential core length and increase the decay of the centerline velocity, thereby increasing jet spreading and reducing the flow shear. In later investigations, streamwise vorticity generation at the jet exit was promoted by enforcing azimuthal excitation through VGs or tabs at the edge of the nozzle (Ahuja and Brown, 1989;Zaman and Foss, 1997;Zaman et al, 1994) or by using corrugated, lobed, or indented nozzle edges (Lecuona et al, 2002;Rodriguez-Aumente et al, 2001). While several configurations of passive flow control devices offer attractive opportunities for controlling blood flow in cardiovascular systems, the use of VGs for controlling mixing within jets is of specific relevance to BMHVs as evident from the strong impact of even a small number of tabs on jet flows (Bradbury and Khadem, 1975).…”