Near-field probing of photonic crystals

Flück, E.; Hammer, Manfred; Vos, Willem L.; Hulst, N.F. van; Kuipers, L.

doi:10.1016/j.photonics.2004.08.007

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In SNOM, a sharp scanning probe in close proximity to the sample is used to image the optical field with a resolution that is only limited by the size of the probe and its separation from the sample. Thus, several groups have already applied this technique to asses the performance of photonic devices with resolutions around 100 nm [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In addition, we propose that scanning probe techniques used in SNOM may very well offer a convenient and efficient method to locally switch or tune optical devices in a controlled manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field optics and control of photonic crystals

Koenderink

Wüest

Buchler

et al. 2005

Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We discuss recent progress and the exciting potential of scanning probe microscopy methods for the characterization and control of photonic crystals. We demonstrate that scanning near-field optical microscopy can be used to characterize the performance of photonic crystal device components on the sub-wavelength scale. In addition, we propose scanning probe techniques for realizing local, low-loss tuning of photonic crystal resonances, based on the frequency shifts that high-index nanoscopic probes can induce. Finally, we discuss prospects for on-demand spontaneous emission control. We demonstrate theoretically that photonic crystal membranes induce large variations in spontaneous emission rate over length scales of 50 nm that can be probed by single light sources, or nanoscopic ensembles of light sources attached to the end of a scanning probe.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field optics and control of photonic crystals

Koenderink

Wüest

Buchler

et al. 2005

Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, it is impossible to resolve the spatial details of light propagation by the far field transmission measurement described above. Although still not systematically used in the photonic crystal community, several groups have shown already very interesting results in near field characterisation of photonic crystals [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium niobate photonic crystal waveguides: Far field and near field characterisation

Bernal

Courjal

Amet

et al. 2006

Optics Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we experimentally investigate photonic crystal waveguides in a X-cut lithium niobate substrate. The transmission response is measured through the ΓM direction of a triangular lattice structure and the results coincide with the theoretical predictions. In addition, a scanning near-field microscope is used in collection mode to map the optical intensity distribution inside the structure putting in evidence the guiding of the light through lines of defects. This study offers perspectives towards lithium niobate tunable photonic crystal devices

show abstract

Near-field characterization of photonic crystal waveguides

Bozhevolnyi

Kuipers

2006

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the past few years, the development of photonic crystal waveguides and structures has progressed immensely revealing many interesting optical phenomena and demonstrating numerous potential applications. We show how a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) in the collection mode can be used to investigate these powerful new optical structures, in particular photonic crystal waveguides (PhCWs). Unlike conventional far-field techniques, a SNOM can detect truly guided light propagating inside the structure without relying on scattering, and SNOM imaging is thereby not restricted by the diffraction limit of half of the wavelength used. In contrast to the regular input-output measurements, the SNOM collects local optical information which is not integrated or averaged because the light has propagated through the entire photonic structure, including possible in-and out-coupling waveguides. We show how intensity detection can be used to map mode profiles, determine losses locally, gain insight into the Bloch nature of the propagating light, and investigate more complex photonic crystal-based structures. Phase-sensitive detection allows the Bloch nature to be investigated in more detail as all the Bloch harmonics belonging to a single Bloch mode can be unravelled. Time-resolved SNOM measurements (pulse tracking measurements) allow pulse propagation to be visualized and phase and group velocities to be determined independently with the need for modelling. For certain optical frequencies ultraslow light can be observed. The possibilities and limitations of SNOM imaging for the characterization of PhCWs are discussed.

show abstract

Near-field probing of photonic crystals

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Near-field optics and control of photonic crystals

Near-field optics and control of photonic crystals

Lithium niobate photonic crystal waveguides: Far field and near field characterisation

Near-field characterization of photonic crystal waveguides

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About