Near- bottom depletion of zooplankton over coral reefs: I: diurnal dynamics and size distribution

Yahel, Ruthy; Yahel, Gitai; Genin, Amatzia

doi:10.1007/s00338-004-0449-z

Cited by 87 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Digital movies of carmine dye placed near the intake revealed that these pumps sampled ±7 cm above and below the intake. No sampling bias has been reported for similar pumps collecting zooplankton \1 mm in size (Yahel et al 2005;Sebens et al 1998). Pumps sampling at five heights at Lagoon 1 on two different days yielded mean water column abundances similar to diver-swum nets sampling simultaneously (mean abundances of 62.5 and 56.8 animals m -3 on day one and 21.3 and 24.6 animals m -3 on day 2 for pumps and nets, respectively) in support of this assertion.…”

Section: Plankton Pumpssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…This pattern was general rather than taxon specific suggesting that common selective pressures act to structure the zooplankton community. Previous published studies have reported near-bottom depletion but no surface enrichment above deep fringing reefs (5-15 m) of the Red Sea (Yahel et al 2005); although one unpublished study did find some surface enrichment off Florida (Heidelberg, personal communication). The surface in shallow water may serve both as a refuge and a barrier to further upward swimming.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Thus, consumption is one explanation for nearbottom depletion of zooplankton (Yahel et al 2005;) and vertical gradients in fish predation pressure on zooplankton support this mechanism (Motro et al 2005). However, upward swimming behavior appears to be the proximal cause of the near-surface enrichment of zooplankton in Moorea.…”

Section: Proximal Causes Of Zooplankton Surface Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Higher predation intensity by sessile invertebrates and planktivorous fish near the bottom is probably the ultimate selective pressure leading to depletion of zooplankton near the bottom on coral reefs (Yahel et al 2005;. Predation by planktivorous fish is especially intense during the daytime when plankton are more visible (Hobson 1991;Hamner et al 1988).…”

Section: Ultimate Causes Of Observed Zooplankton Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Why then were zooplankton on the deep (5-15 m) fringing reefs of the Red Sea only depleted near the bottom boundary layer (Yahel et al 2005) while in Moorea zooplankton stratification occurred throughout the water column even on the deeper fore reef? A comparison of these systems suggests that retention on the reef might be an additional selective pressure promoting the evolution of upward swimming behavior.…”

Section: Ultimate Causes Of Observed Zooplankton Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Near-surface enrichment of zooplankton over a shallow back reef: implications for coral reef food webs

Alldredge

King

2009

Coral Reefs

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Zooplankton were 3-8 times more abundant during the day near the surface than elsewhere in the water column over a 1-2.4 m deep back reef in Moorea, French Polynesia. Zooplankton were also significantly more abundant near the surface at night although gradients were most pronounced under moonlight. Zooplankton in a unidirectional current became concentrated near the surface within 2 m of departing a well-mixed trough immediately behind the reef crest, indicating that upward swimming behavior, rather than near-bottom depletion by reef planktivores, was the proximal cause of these gradients. Zooplankton were highly enriched near the surface before and after a full lunar eclipse but distributed evenly throughout the water column during the eclipse itself supporting light as a proximal cue for the upward swimming behavior of many taxa. This is the first investigation of the vertical distribution of zooplankton over a shallow back reef typical of island barrier reef systems common around the world. Previous studies on deeper fringing reefs found zooplankton depletion near the bottom but no enrichment aloft. In Moorea, where seawater is continuously recirculated out the lagoon and back across the reef crest onto the back reef, selection for upward swimming behavior may be especially strong, because the surface serves both as a refuge from predation and an optimum location for retention within the reef system. Planktivorous fish and corals that can forage or grow even marginally higher in the water column might have a substantial competitive advantage over those nearer the bottom on shallow reefs. Zooplankton abundance varied more over a few tens of centimeters vertical distance than it did between seasons or even between day and night indicating that great care must be taken to accurately assess the availability of zooplankton as food on shallow reefs.

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Section: Plankton Pumpssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Proximal Causes Of Zooplankton Surface Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Ultimate Causes Of Observed Zooplankton Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultimate Causes Of Observed Zooplankton Gradientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Near-surface enrichment of zooplankton over a shallow back reef: implications for coral reef food webs

Alldredge

King

2009

Coral Reefs

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Heterotrophic Nutrition of Tropical, Temperate and Deep‐Sea Corals

Houlbrèque¹,

Rodolfo‐Metalpa²,

Ferrier‐Pagés³

2015

Diseases of Coral

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Phosphorus metabolism of reef organisms with algal symbionts

Ferrier‐Pagés

Godinot

D’Angelo

et al. 2016

Ecological Monographs

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Phosphorus (P), an essential structural and functional component of all living organisms, is considered to be the ultimate limiting nutrient in marine ecosystems. To optimize its acquisition, marine species such as protozoa, sponges, foraminifera, clams, and reef corals, among others, have entered symbiotic relationships with algae, which recycle waste products of the animal host and transform dissolved inorganic nutrients into organic molecules, making them bioavailable to their host. Such associations provide a competitive edge in an environment where ambient nutrient availability is low. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the P sources available to reef organisms with algal symbionts, to discuss the means by which P is taken up and stored within the symbiosis, and to assess the effects of eutrophication‐induced phosphate enrichment on the algal and host physiology. Finally, we give an overview of knowledge gaps and open questions that should be addressed to better understand the role of phosphorus in reef symbioses functioning.

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Near- bottom depletion of zooplankton over coral reefs: I: diurnal dynamics and size distribution

Cited by 87 publications

References 33 publications

Near-surface enrichment of zooplankton over a shallow back reef: implications for coral reef food webs

Near-surface enrichment of zooplankton over a shallow back reef: implications for coral reef food webs

Heterotrophic Nutrition of Tropical, Temperate and Deep‐Sea Corals

Phosphorus metabolism of reef organisms with algal symbionts

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