NDT&E techniques and SEM‐EDS for the assessment of cleaning interventions on Pentelic marble surfaces

Abstract

In this work, several non‐destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) techniques along with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) were applied on Pentelic marble surfaces. The investigated Pentelic marble surface disclosed a representative decay pattern that usually develops in polluted urban atmosphere such as the Athens centre. The applied techniques aimed to collate as much as possible evidence about the physico‐chemical and aesthetical characteristics of the examined surfaces before and after the pilot cleaning treatments, in an attempt to configure an effective assessment methodology of cleaning interventions. The applied NDT&E techniques were fibre‐optic microscopy, colourimetry and laser profilometry. The results were encouraging enough to propose the use of these NDT&E techniques along with SEM‐EDS as an everyday assessment tool of cleaning conservation interventions on Pentelic marble. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Characterization of a hybrid nano-silica waterborne polyurethane coating for clay bricks

“…Soil-repelling properties are desired, they depend on the composition of the material exposed to the environmental agents but also on its roughness which includes the finest irregularities of a surface and depends on the chemical and mineralogical composition of the material, on the type and conditions of the production process 5 . Besides being related to the susceptibility of the surface to decay [6][7][8] roughness also affects the optical properties of a material: gloss and colour saturation varies when roughness increases, because of the enhancement of reflected light and the reduction of subsurface light scattering 9 . Furthermore, roughness can cause water detection and the change of the water absorption speed, changing in turn the surface colour 10 .…”

Marble Chromatic Alteration Study Using Non-Invasive Analytical Techniques and Evaluation of the Most Suitable Cleaning Treatment: The Case of a Bust Representing Queen Margherita di Savoia at the U.S. Embassy in Rome

“…All treatments were applied on the statue base interposing a sheet of Japanese paper and covered by a polyethylene layer. All tests were removed according to the slowest action time (EDTA) [34], after 1 h and 10 min.…”

“…The different products were applied in delimited areas at the base of the bust (Figures 2 and 3). cording to the slowest action time (EDTA) [34], after 1 h and 10 min.…”

Scanning Microscopy Techniques as an Assessment Tool of Materials and Interventions for the Protection of Built Cultural Heritage

“…SEM-EDX is a powerful tool for the aforementioned aim, since diverse data regarding texture, morphology, and composition can be collected about the “composite” system of conservation material-historical substrate, for many aspects of conservation science such as (a) optimisation and performance assessment of consolidation treatments using nanolime materials [ 19 ], novel inorganic methods [ 55 , 56 ], and hybrid nanomodified materials [ 57 ]; (b) assessment of water repellent performance regarding their penetration into porous stones [ 58 ]; and (c) assessment of cleaning treatments on stone crusts [ 59 , 60 ], and on different types of graffiti [ 61 – 64 ].…”