Nd:YAG laser machining with multilevel resist kinoforms

Ekberg, Mats; Larsson, Michael; Bolle, Aldo; Hård, Sverker

doi:10.1364/ao.30.003604

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This problem can be circumvented by the use of a kinoform. A kinoform is a diffractive optical element (a computer-generated micro-optic component that uses diffraction to manipulate light) which diffracts a laser beam into multiple beams at controlled, predetermined positions (Lesem et al, 1969;Ekberg et al, 1991;Larson et al, 1994). It can be used to create multiple, parallel beams with equal intensity in each beam.…”

Section: (31) Lithographic Patterning Of Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implant Surfaces and Interface Processes

1999

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The past decades and current R&D of biomaterials and medical implants show some general trends. One major trend is an increased degree of functionalization of the material surface, better to meet the demands of the biological host system. While the biomaterials of the past and those in current use are essentially bulk materials (metals, ceramics, polymers) or special compounds (bioglasses), possibly with some additional coating (e.g., hydroxyapatite), the current R&D on surface modifications points toward much more complex and multifunctional surfaces for the future. Such surface modifications can be divided into three classes, one aiming toward an optimized three-dimensional physical microarchitecture of the surface (pore size distributions, "roughness", etc.), the second one focusing on the (bio) chemical properties of surface coatings and impregnations (ion release, multi-layer coatings, coatings with biomolecules, controlled drug release, etc.), and the third one dealing with the viscoelastic properties (or more generally the micromechanical properties) of material surfaces. These properties are expected to affect the interfacial processes cooperatively, i.e., there are likely synergistic effects between and among them: The surface is "recognized" by the biological system through the combined chemical and topographic pattern of the surface, and the viscoelastic properties. In this presentation, the development indicated above is discussed briefly, and current R&D in this area is illustrated with a number of examples from our own research. The latter include micro- and nanofabrication of surface patterns and topographies by the use of laser machining, photolithographic techniques, and electron beam and colloidal lithographies to produce controlled structures on implant surfaces in the size range 10 nm to 100 microns. Examples of biochemical modifications include mono- or lipid membranes and protein coatings on different surfaces. A new method to evaluate, e.g., biomaterial-protein and biomaterial-cell interactions--the Quartz Crystal Microbalance--is described briefly.

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Section: (31) Lithographic Patterning Of Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be used to create multiple, parallel beams with equal intensity in each beam. With a kinoform, it is possible to "laser-machine" mutliple pits in a surface at once (Ekberg et al, 1991), an example of which is shown in Fig. 7 (top) (Jartoft and Krantz, 1997).…”

Section: (31) Lithographic Patterning Of Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implant Surfaces and Interface Processes

1999

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“…Ekberg et al (Ekberg et al, 1991) applied the HOE on the Nd:YAG laser and successfully drilled an array of holes on a stainless steel sheet. A series of laser steel welding tests using Gaussian and several HOE reconstructed beams has also been reported (Kell et al, 2007;.…”

Section: Beam Reconstruction With Holographic Optical Elements (Hoe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective laser melting using holographic beam manipulation: influence of polypropylene molecular weight

Haworth

Tyrer

Zhou

2018

RPJ

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Purpose-There is a requirement to match selective laser melting (SLM) technologies to a wider range of polymeric materials, since the existing market for SLM powders is dominated by polyamide PA12. Drivers include the tailoring of physical properties to individual applications, or cost reduction. Polypropylene (PP) currently has limited use in SLM, so the potential use of PP materials of varying molecular weight (Mw) is explored here. Design / methodology / approach-PP polymers of differing molecular weight were characterised using a range of analytical techniques, including DSC, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), rotational rheometry and real-time hot-stage (optical) microscopy. Findings-The techniques are sufficiently sensitive to distinguish molecular weight effects, notably in terms of material viscosity. The stable sintering region for SLM has been defined clearly. Some success was achieved in melting parts using some grades of PP, including higher molecular weight grades, which potentially offer improved mechanical performance. Research limitations / implications-The range of techniques (DSC, OIT and TGA) form an effective analytical package with which to consider new polymeric materials for SLM. Practical implications-High-MW PP polymers, in tape or powder form, have potential use in SLM processes, providing scope to enhance part properties in future. Originality / value-This is believed to be the first in-depth study noting the influence of PP molecular weight on important physical performance in a proprietary SLM process, using holographic beam manipulation (HBM).

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“…20,21 Methods were developed to calculate a topology for an optical element focusing light into an arbitrary figure in a focal plane. 20,21 Methods were developed to calculate a topology for an optical element focusing light into an arbitrary figure in a focal plane.…”

Section: Photomask Fabrication Of Computer Generated Optical Elemementioning

confidence: 99%

Variable shaped electron-beam lithography application to subwavelength and computer generated diffractive optics fabrication

Babin¹

1995

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena

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Articles you may be interested inLow-distortion electron-beam lithography for fabrication of high-resolution germanium and tantalum zone plates Soft X-ray nano lithography of semitransparent masks for the generation of high-resolution high contrast zone plates AIP Conf.Electron-beam lithography for generation of diffractive optical elements topology is examined. The formula for the estimation of exposure data volume for variable shaped electron-beam lithography is presented as a function of diffractive optical element parameters and approximation accuracy. Diffractive optical elements with a subwavelength feature size were manufactured. These elements act as optical elements with an artificial refractive index. A Fresnel zone plate with an artificial phase retardation has been manufactured. Based on the proximity function measured for the actual exposure conditions, the proximity correction has been provided and undistorted structures have been fabricated. Experimental results are presented on computer generated optical elements for industrial applications. A computer generated lens which focuses radiation into a ring has been fabricated. A photomask set was manufactured for a reflecting optical element which focuses a high power CO 2 laser beam to two points with parameters required for laser welding.

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Nd:YAG laser machining with multilevel resist kinoforms

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Implant Surfaces and Interface Processes

Implant Surfaces and Interface Processes

Selective laser melting using holographic beam manipulation: influence of polypropylene molecular weight

Variable shaped electron-beam lithography application to subwavelength and computer generated diffractive optics fabrication

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