Nd:YAG Laser Assisted Drilling and Spallation of Rocks

Choubey, Ambar; Jain, Ravindra; Vishwakarma, S.C.; Upadhyaya, B.N.; Oak, S. M.

doi:10.1166/asem.2013.1385

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Laser drilling was researched as a significant method for drilling deep wells of gas and oil . Fiber optics was used to satisfy the beam delivery to deep wells . In the laser drilling process, the perforation parameters played the central role in manipulating the depth; for example, both the interaction time and confining pressure could result in the increase of the specific energy and rate of penetration, and the laser pulse duration and shot number also affected laser perforation. − Overall, the laser technology presents a potential application in the oil field.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying a 532 nm Laser to Reduce the Viscosity of Crude Oil

et al. 2020

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Reducing the viscosity of heavy oil is of great significance in petroleum production and transportation. In this paper, we studied the reduction of viscosity of crude oil under the irradiation of a 532 nm laser in which the variation of current, temperature, and viscosity was also studied and discussed. Owing to the photolysis-product absorption and order-n multiphoton absorption, both the current and temperature increased over time with the laser turned on, simultaneously, leading to the breakage of chemical bonds and the drop in viscosity. With its advantage of rapidness, collimation, and no contact, laser technology may serve as a powerful tool to reduce the viscosity of crude oil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying a 532 nm Laser to Reduce the Viscosity of Crude Oil

et al. 2020

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“…Needle PAT advantages are supported by a number of clinical case series [18, 22, 23], and more recently, by a prospective randomized clinical trial [16]. The RCT ( n = 55, average age at time of tenotomy 9.5 weeks) concluded no differences between the outcome of the blade versus needle groups at 1 year follow up [16]. Lessened complications and reduced parental anxiety are clear advantages of the needle technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Level 4 evidence indicates that the use of a needle rather than a scalpel blade, may be advantageous for severing the Achilles tendon percutaneously. A number of reports advocating the use of PAT using the needle technique have now appeared in the literature, and are positive in recommendation [16–18]. The advantages are ease of technique, reduced complications (bleeding), minimal scarring, reduced cost as an outpatient procedure using local anaesthesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh

Evans

Chowdhury²,

Rana

et al. 2017

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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BackgroundThe management of congenital talipes equino varus (clubfoot deformity) has been transformed in the last 20 years as surgical correction has been replaced by the non-surgical Ponseti method. The Ponseti method, consists of corrective serial casting followed by maintenance bracing, and has been repeatedly demonstrated to give best results - regarded as the ‘gold standard’ treatment for paediatric clubfoot.MethodsTo develop the study protocol Level 2 evidence was used to modify the corrective casting phase of the Ponseti method in children aged up to 12 months. Using Level 4 evidence, the percutaneous Achilles tenotomy (PAT) was performed using a 19-gauge needle instead of a scalpel blade, a technique found to reduce bleeding and scarring.ResultsA total of 123 children participated in this study; 88 male, 35 female. Both feet were affected in 67 cases, left only in 22 cases, right only in 34 cases. Typical clubfeet were found in 112/123 cases, six atypical, five syndromic. The average age at first cast was 51 days (13–240 days).The average number of casts applied was five (2–10 casts). The average number of days between the first cast and brace was 37.8 days (10–122 days), including 21 days in a post-PAT cast. Hence, average time of corrective casts was 17 days.Parents preferred the reduced casting time, and were less concerned about unseen skin wounds.PAT was performed in 103/123 cases, using the needle technique. All post tenotomy casts were in situ for three weeks. Minor complications occurred in seven cases - four cases had skin lesions, three cases disrupted casting phase. At another site, 452 PAT were performed using the needle technique.ConclusionsThe ‘fast cast’ protocol Ponseti casting was successfully used in infants aged less than 8 months. Extended manual manipulation of two minutes was the essential modification. Parents preferred the faster treatment phase, and ability to closer observe the foot and skin. The treating physiotherapists preferred the ‘fast cast’ protocol, achieving better correction with less complication. The needle technique for PAT is a further improvement for the Ponseti method.

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“…To do this, some researchers have suggested that more reliable tool materials should be created, while other researchers have suggested using specialized technological methods to weaken the rock mass, increase its interceptability, and enhance the conditions of digging (Hassani and Nekoovaght, 2011; Shankar et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2022). Based on this, a large number of researchers have attempted to investigate large-scale mechanical devices while applying various novel industries to the mining process, such as high-pressure water jet-assisted mechanical rock breaking (Chen et al., 2015), laser beam-assisted mechanical rock breaking (Choubey et al., 2013), and microwave-assisted mechanical rock breaking (Hassani et al., 2016; Lauriello and Fritsch, 1974). One of these, microwave pretreatment of rocks is an effective way to weaken rocks by causing cracks, which can significantly reduce tool wear (Jin, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of strong dielectric substances on the damage characteristics of rocks exposed to microwave radiation: Insight from experiments and mechanisms

Gao

Xiong

et al. 2023

International Journal of Damage Mechanics

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It has been demonstrated that microwave pretreatment can weaken rocks, reduce tool wear, and improve mechanical rock breaking efficiency. The dielectric properties of rock minerals are a major factor affecting the ability of rocks to absorb microwaves, so it is important to conduct experimental research on rock modification to improve the microwave absorption capacity of rocks. The concept of “microwave-assisted absorbing reagents” has been proposed to increase the microwave absorption capacity of rocks. Sandstone specimens are first pretreated with strong dielectric substances before being exposed to microwave radiation to increase their microwave absorption capacity, then they are exposed to microwave fields and finally conducted to uniaxial compression tests. Enhancement in microwave absorption capacity of sandstone specimens is showed by P-wave velocity, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mechanical tests before and after microwave treatment. The results showed that barium titanate suspension and water are both effective microwave-assisted absorbing agents. The specimens treated with barium titanate suspension exhibited better microwave absorption capacity; in 5 kW microwave power irradiation, its p-wave velocity falls by 14.04%, porosity rises by 25.43%, and uniaxial compressive strength falls by 24.98%. Additionally, the failure form of sandstone specimens changes from brittle to plastic once it has fully absorbed microwave energy.

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Nd:YAG Laser Assisted Drilling and Spallation of Rocks

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Applying a 532 nm Laser to Reduce the Viscosity of Crude Oil

Applying a 532 nm Laser to Reduce the Viscosity of Crude Oil

‘Fast cast’ and ‘needle Tenotomy’ protocols with the Ponseti method to improve clubfoot management in Bangladesh

Effect of strong dielectric substances on the damage characteristics of rocks exposed to microwave radiation: Insight from experiments and mechanisms

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