Fusarium wilt (FW), caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum is a serious disease in cruciferous plants, including the radish (Raphanus sativus). To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) or gene(s) conferring resistance to FW, we constructed a genetic map of R. sativus using an F2 mapping population derived by crossing the inbred lines '835' (susceptible) and 'B2' (resistant). A total of 220 markers distributed in 9 linkage groups (LGs) were mapped in the Raphanus genome, covering a distance of 1,041.5 cM with an average distance between adjacent markers of 4.7 cM. Comparative analysis of the R. sativus genome with that of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa revealed 21 and 22 conserved syntenic regions, respectively. QTL mapping detected a total of 8 loci conferring FW resistance that were distributed on 4 LGs, namely, 2, 3, 6, and 7 of the Raphanus genome. Of the detected QTL, 3 QTLs (2 on LG 3 and 1 on LG 7) were constitutively detected throughout the 2-year experiment. QTL analysis of LG 3, flanked by ACMP0609 and cnu_mBRPGM0085, showed a comparatively higher logarithm of the odds (LOD) value and percentage of phenotypic variation. Synteny analysis using the linked markers to this QTL showed homology to A. thaliana chromosome 3, which contains disease-resistance gene clusters, suggesting conservation of resistance genes between them.
The anisotropy of shales plays a significant role in oil and gas exploration and engineering. Owing to various problems and limitations, anisotropic properties were seldom investigated by direct current resistivity methods. Here in this work, a 248 nm ultraviolet laser was employed to assess the anisotropic electrical response of a dielectric shale. Angular dependence of laser-induced voltages (Vp) were obtained, with a data symmetry at the location of 180° and a ~62.2% Vp anisotropy of the sample. The double-exponential functions have provided an explanation for the electrical field controlled carrier transportation process in horizontal and vertical directions. The results demonstrate that the combination of optics and electrical logging analysis (Opti-electrical Logging) is a promising technology for the investigation of unconventional reservoirs.
Oil–water
two-phase flow widely exists in the petroleum industry, such as crude
oil production and transportation. The flow pattern and slip phenomenon
of oil–water two-phase flow have an important impact on the
rational design and management of oil wells and pipelines. Because
of the extremely high sensitivity of the terahertz wave to hydrogen
bonding, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is used to study
oil–water two-phase flows with the input water fraction ranging
from 0.5 to 5.0%. The flow rate is controlled in the range of 0.6–0.0
m3/h, and the flow pattern transition and slip phenomenon
in horizontal circular pipes have been studied experimentally and
theoretically. In a word, the flow pattern and critical flow rate
for the flow pattern transition can be distinguished by amplitudes
of THz-TDS of the oil–water two-phase flows. The work indicates
that, at a low Q value, the flow pattern is an oil
layer over a dispersion of water-in-oil (O & DW/O) flow and the
ratio of in situ oil to water velocity is smaller
than those at a high Q value, where the flow is a
water-in-oil (W/O) flow.
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