ncRNAs and polyphenols: new therapeutic strategies for hypertension

Abstract

Polyphenols have gained significant attention in protecting several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Accumulating evidence indicates that polyphenols have potential protective roles for various CVDs. Hypertension (HTN) is among the hazardous CVDs accounting for nearly 8.5 million deaths worldwide. HTN is a complex and multifactorial disease and a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors play major roles in its development. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still elusive. Polyphenols have shown to cause favourable and beneficial effects in the management of HTN. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) as influential mediators in modulating the biological properties of polyphenols, have shown significant footprints in CVDs. ncRNAs control basic functions in virtually all cell types relevant to the cardiovascular system and, thus, a direct link with blood pressure (BP) regulation is highly probable. Recent evidence suggests that a number of ncRNAs, including main small ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), play crucial roles with respect to the antihypertensive effects of polyphenols. Indeed, targeting lncRNAs by polyphenols will be a novel and promising strategy in the management of HTN. Herein, we reviewed the effects of polyphenols in HTN. Additionally, we emphasized on the potential effects of polyphenols on regulations of main ncRNAs, which imply the role of polyphenols in regulating ncRNAs in order to exert protective effects and thus proposing them as new targets for HTN treatment. Abbreviations : CVD: cardiovascular disease; BP: blood pressure; HTN: hypertension, lncRNAs: long noncoding RNAs; p38-MAPK: p38-mitogenactivated protein kinase; OPCs: oligomeric procyanidins; GTP: guanosine triphosphate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; SGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; cGMP: Cyclic GMP; eNOS: endothelial NO synthase; ERK ½: extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½; L-Arg: L-Arginine; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases; NO: Nitric oxide; P: Phosphorus; PDK1: Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; PI3-K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIP2: Phosphatidylinositol diphosphate; ncRNAs: non-protein-coding RNA; miRNAs: microRNAs; OPCs: oligomeric procyanidins; RES: resveratrol; GE: grape extract; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-alpha; NF-κB: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; PARP1: poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1; HIF1a: Hypoxia-inducible-factor 1A; NFATc2: nuclear factor of activated T cells 2; PAD: peripheral artery disease; SHR: spontaneously hypertensive rat; RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; AT 1 R: angiotensin type-1 receptor; Nox: NADPH oxidase; HO-1: haem oxygenase-1; JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/signal transducers/activators of the transcription; PNS: panax notoginseng saponin; snoRNA: small nucleolar RNA; hnRNA: heterogeneous nuclear RNA;...

Procyanidins: A promising anti‐diabetic agent with potential benefits on glucose metabolism and diabetes complications

“…In fact, polyphenols unique and promising approach to the treatment of HTN will involve targeting lncRNAs. 68…”

“…Since almost all cardiovascular system‐relevant cell types are controlled by ncRNAs, it is highly likely that blood pressure regulation is directly related to these molecules. In fact, polyphenols unique and promising approach to the treatment of HTN will involve targeting lncRNAs 68 …”

Recent advance in the biological activity of chlorogenic acid and its application in food industry

“…Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year. Diet is an important factor leading to the occurrence of hypertension, and high‐salt and high‐fat diets are directly related to the occurrence of hypertension (Hirohama & Fujita, 2019; Shirazi‐Tehrani et al ., 2022). There are many treatment methods for hypertension.…”

“…There are many treatment methods for hypertension. Among them, dietary intervention has received attention because of its minimal side effects (Shirazi‐Tehrani et al ., 2022).…”

Grape Polyphenols in the Treatment of Human Skeletal Muscle Damage Due to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Obesity and Aging: Early Outcomes and Promises

“…Although their antioxidant action is considered their main mechanism of action, this action alone is not able to explain all the biological effects of grape polyphenols. In fact, it has been proven that they also act through the modulation of receptors [ 168 ], transcription factors during myogenesis [ 169 , 170 ], enzymes activities [ 171 , 172 ], and also through epigenetic modulation [ 173 ], and non-coding (nc) RNA regulation [ 174 ].…”