Grape Polyphenols in the Treatment of Human Skeletal Muscle Damage Due to Inflammation and Oxidative Stress during Obesity and Aging: Early Outcomes and Promises

Abstract

Today, inactivity and high-calorie diets contribute to the development of obesity and premature aging. In addition, the population of elderly people is growing due to improvements in healthcare management. Obesity and aging are together key risk factors for non-communicable diseases associated with several co-morbidities and increased mortality, with a major impact on skeletal muscle defect and/or poor muscle mass quality. Skeletal muscles contribute to multiple body functions and play a vital role throughout the day, in all our activities. In our society, limiting skeletal muscle deterioration, frailty and dependence is not only a major public health challenge but also a major socio-economic issue. Specific diet supplementation with natural chemical compounds such as grape polyphenols had shown to play a relevant and direct role in regulating metabolic and molecular pathways involved in the prevention and treatment of obesity and aging and their related muscle comorbidities in cell culture and animal studies. However, clinical studies aiming to restore skeletal muscle mass and function with nutritional grape polyphenols supplementation are still very scarce. There is an urgent need for clinical studies to validate the very encouraging results observed in animal models.

Therapeutic targets and potential delivery systems of melatonin in osteoarthritis

“…The maintenance of cellular function and homeostasis necessitates a physiological level of ROS, however, excessive ROS induced by pathological processes can oxidize macromolecules such as mtDNA, genomic DNA, proteins, and lipids, thereby impairing essential cellular processes (Figure 1) (42)(43)(44). Investigations have documented that ROS-induced macromolecule compromise, including that of genomic, mtDNA, and lipids, results in synovitis worsening, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and chondrocyte death, such as apoptosis and ferroptosis (45,46).…”

Antioxidants and Sports Performance

“…There are several polyphenolic compounds found in various foods that have been studied for their potential effects on athletic performance. Resveratrol, found in grapes, blueberries, and peanuts, acts as an antioxidant, reducing oxidative damage to muscle cells and improving mitochondrial function, which is crucial for energy production and muscle function [ 194 ]. Some studies suggest that resveratrol supplementation may have beneficial effects on athletic performance by improving antioxidant capacity and reducing muscle damage, although the results may not be consistent across all studies or sports [ 195 ].…”

Polyphenols and Lactation: Molecular Evidence to Support the Use of Botanical Galactagogues

“…Polyphenols from a variety of food sources have been associated with numerous health benefits including protection against cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, cognitive decline, decreased immunocompetence, cancer, and aging. [15,16] These benefits may be derived from their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, hormonal activity, and positive effects on mitochondria function and autophagy, [17] which are activities that may also improve lactation performance and milk production. For example, lactation is a period of high energy demand and enhanced mitochondrial function, and if nutrient sensing and signaling is impaired, these energy requirements are not met.…”