ncRNA-Encoded Peptides or Proteins and Cancer

Wang, Jizhong; Zhu, Shuguang; Meng, Nan; He, Yutian; Lu, Rui-Xun; Yan, Guang-Rong

doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.09.001

Cited by 214 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Importantly, there are several issues that should be noted: (i) whether lncRNAs effectively function as ceRNAs at physiologically relevant copy numbers is debatable because most of the studies describing miRNA sponges rely on overexpression; (ii) whether ceRNA theory is truly the principle mechanism of lncRNA function is sometimes questionable, and the reason why a large amount of literature claims ceRNAs as the mechanism of lncRNA action; (iii) whether the loss of lncRNAs is precisely responsible for the phenotype needs to be confirmed because some lncRNAs harbor small open reading frames and encode functional short peptides [10,[34][35][36][37]; (iv) the ceRNA effect is affected by the abundance of miRNAs and lncRNAs, the number and affinity of binding sites, and the degree of miRNA/mRNA complementarity [38,39]. Further studies are therefore needed to determine the molecular mechanisms by which miRNA will be sponged or activated to degrade its target transcripts.…”

Section: Competing Endogenous Rna (Cerna) Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations

Xiao-zhen

Liu

Chen

2020

Cancers

101

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Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which is a kind of noncoding RNA, is generally characterized as being more than 200 nucleotide transcripts in length. LncRNAs exhibit many biological activities, including, but not limited to, cancer development. In this review, a search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant studies published in English. The term “lncRNA or long non-coding RNA” was combined with a range of search terms related to the core focus of the review: mechanism, structure, regulation, and cancer. The eligibility of the retrieved studies was mainly based on the abstract. The decision as to whether or not the study was included in this review was made after a careful assessment of its content. The reference lists were also checked to identify any other study that could be relevant to this review. We first summarized the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis, including competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms, epigenetic regulation, decoy and scaffold mechanisms, mRNA and protein stability regulation, transcriptional and translational regulation, miRNA processing regulation, and the architectural role of lncRNAs, which will help a broad audience better understand how lncRNAs work in cancer. Second, we introduced recent studies to elucidate the structure of lncRNAs, as there is a link between lncRNA structure and function and visualizing the architectural domains of lncRNAs is vital to understanding their function. Third, we explored emerging evidence for regulators of lncRNA expression, lncRNA turnover, and lncRNA modifications (including 5-methylcytidine, N6-methyladenosine, and adenosine to inosine editing), highlighting the dynamics of lncRNAs. Finally, we used autophagy in cancer as an example to interpret the diverse mechanisms of lncRNAs and introduced clinical trials of lncRNA-based cancer therapies.

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Section: Competing Endogenous Rna (Cerna) Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations

Xiao-zhen

Liu

Chen

2020

Cancers

101

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“…In our present study, our findings reveal that the lncRNA LINC00266-1 participates in the m 6 A recognition by m 6 A readers and the lncRNA LINC00266-1 exerts its m 6 A recognition regulation by encoding an oncopeptide instead of an RNA molecule. Our and previous studies showed that a limited number of lncRNAs and circRNAs could encode proteins/peptides to regulate tumorigenesis [37][38][39][40] . Our findings further confirmed that some peptides are hidden in some previously annotated lncRNAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

An oncopeptide regulates m6A recognition by the m6A reader IGF2BP1 and tumorigenesis

et al. 2020

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N 6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) is the most prevalent modification in eukaryotic RNAs. The biological importance of m 6 A relies on m 6 A readers, which control mRNA fate and function. However, it remains unexplored whether additional regulatory subunits of m 6 A readers are involved in the m 6 A recognition on RNAs. Here we discover that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00266-1 encodes a 71-amino acid peptide. The peptide mainly interacts with the RNA-binding proteins, including the m 6 A reader IGF2BP1, and is thus named "RNAbinding regulatory peptide" (RBRP). RBRP binds to IGF2BP1 and strengthens m 6 A recognition by IGF2BP1 on RNAs, such as c-Myc mRNA, to increase the mRNA stability and expression of c-Myc, thereby promoting tumorigenesis. Cancer patients with RBRP high have a poor prognosis. Thus, the oncopeptide RBRP encoded by LINC00266-1 is a regulatory subunit of m 6 A readers and strengthens m 6 A recognition on the target RNAs by the m 6 A reader to exert its oncogenic functions.

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“…The down-regulation of PINT87aa has been associated with high tumor invasiveness; grade IV glioblastoma showed the lowest expression of this protein compared to healthy tissue. Reduced levels of PINT87aa and its circRNA were also observed in other malignancies, such as breast, hepatic, and gastric carcinomas, in contrast to regular cell lines [119]. PINT87aa is a potential candidate for carcinogenesis biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies [53].…”

Section: Novel Independent Activitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Protein-Related Circular RNAs in Human Pathologies

Wawrzyniak

Zarębska

Kuczyński

et al. 2020

Cells

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a distinct family of RNAs derived from alternative splicing which play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by acting as microRNA (miRNA) and RNA binding protein (RBP) sponges. However, recent studies have also reported the multifunctional potential of these particles. Under different conditions, circRNAs not only regulate protein synthesis, destination, and degradation but can serve as protein scaffolds or recruiters and are also able to produce short peptides with active biological functions. circRNAs are under ongoing investigation because of their close association with the development of diseases. Some circRNAs are reportedly expressed in a tissue- and development stage-specific manner. Furthermore, due to other features of circRNAs, including their stability, conservation, and high abundance in bodily fluids, they are believed to be potential biomarkers for various diseases, including cancers. In this review, we focus on providing a summary of the current knowledge on circRNA–protein interactions. We present the properties and functions of circRNAs, the possible mechanisms of their translation abilities, and the emerging functions of circRNA-derived peptides in human pathologies.

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ncRNA-Encoded Peptides or Proteins and Cancer

Cited by 214 publications

References 72 publications

Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations

Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations

An oncopeptide regulates m6A recognition by the m6A reader IGF2BP1 and tumorigenesis

Protein-Related Circular RNAs in Human Pathologies

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