Nature of the Virus Associated with Endemic Balkan Nephropathy

Riquelme, Cristina; Escors, David; Ortego, Javier; Sánchez, Carlos Manuel Fernández; Uzelac-Keserović, Branislava; Apostolov, K.; Enjuanes, Luis

doi:10.3201/eid0808.020042

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Here, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) was applied as a coronavirus aerosol mimic since it contains spike membrane proteins and will not infect human. TGEV has an aerodynamic diameter of approximately 120 nm ( Riquelme et al, 2002 ) which is widely used as a viral aerosol substitutes due to its robustness and morphological similarity to pathogenic viruses ( Kim et al, 2007 ). Here, TGEV aqueous solution (700 pfu/mL, 5mL) was injected into a customized nebulizer and an atomizing rate of 0.3 mL/min was used for the bioaerosol sampling test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intelligent face mask integrated with high density conductive nanowire array for directly exhaled coronavirus aerosols screening

Xue

Kan

Pan

et al. 2021

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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The current ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has globally affected the lives of more than one hundred million people. RT-PCR based molecular test is recommended as the gold standard method for diagnosing current infections. However, transportation and processing of the clinical sample for detecting virus require an expert operator and long processing time. Testing device enables on-site virus detection could reduce the sample-to-answer time, which plays a central role in containing the pandemic. In this work, we proposed an intelligent face mask, where a flexible immunosensor based on high density conductive nanowire array, a miniaturized impedance circuit, and wireless communication units were embedded. The sub-100 nm size and the gap between the neighbored nanowires facilitate the locking of nanoscale virus particles by the nanowire arrays and greatly improve the detection efficiency. Such a point-of-care (POC) system was demonstrated for coronavirus ‘spike’ protein and whole virus aerosol detection in simulated human breath. Detection of viral concentration as low as 7 pfu/mL from the atomized sample of coronavirus aerosol mimic was achieved in only 5 mins. The POC systems can be readily applied for preliminary screening of coronavirus infections on-site and may help to understand the COVID-19 progression while a patient is under prescribed therapy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intelligent face mask integrated with high density conductive nanowire array for directly exhaled coronavirus aerosols screening

Xue

Kan

Pan

et al. 2021

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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“…The biological activity of its mainly-seedborne toxin, aristolochic acid (AA), was even recognised on account of clinical trials as a human anti-tumour agent [ 12 ]. A viral infection has been proposed [ 13 ]. On account of isolation and structural characterisation of the nephrotoxic mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) in South Africa in the 1960s [ 14 ], and its economic impact as the cause of a troublesome nephropathy affecting the Danish bacon industry during mid-20th century, this toxin was proposed as the cause also of BEN [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative 1H NMR Metabolomic Urinalysis of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy, and Healthy Subjects, in Romania and Bulgaria: A Pilot Study

Mantle

Modalca²,

Nicholls

et al. 2011

Toxins

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1H NMR spectroscopy of urine has been applied to exploring metabolomic differences between people diagnosed with Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), and treated by haemodialysis, and those without overt renal disease in Romania and Bulgaria. Convenience sampling was made from patients receiving haemodialysis in hospital and healthy controls in their village. Principal component analysis clustered healthy controls from both countries together. Bulgarian BEN patients clustered separately from controls, though in the same space. However, Romanian BEN patients not only also clustered away from controls but also clustered separately from the BEN patients in Bulgaria. Notably, the urinary metabolomic data of two people sampled as Romanian controls clustered within the Romanian BEN group. One of these had been suspected of incipient symptoms of BEN at the time of selection as a ‘healthy’ control. This implies, at first sight, that metabolomic analysis can be predictive of impending morbidity before conventional criteria can diagnose BEN. Separate clustering of BEN patients from Romania and Bulgaria could indicate difference in aetiology of this particular silent renal atrophy in different geographic foci across the Balkans.

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“…Pathomorphologically BEN has similarities with Chinese herbal nephropathy, which is probably caused by the toxic effect of aristolochic acid, but there is no evidence supporting this theory for BEN. Other possible agents involved in the etiology of BEN are ochratoxin A and some viruses such as picornavirus, polyomavirus, herpes simplex 1 and 2, adenovirus, hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus [ 5 , 6 ]. For now there is no unchallenged evidence supporting a viral etiopathogenesis of BEN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NGS NominatedCELA1,HSPG2, andKCNK5as Candidate Genes for Predisposition to Balkan Endemic Nephropathy

Toncheva

Mihailova-Hristova

Vazharova³

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a familial chronic tubulointerstitial disease with insidious onset and slow progression leading to terminal renal failure. The results of molecular biological investigations propose that BEN is a multifactorial disease with genetic predisposition to environmental risk agents. Exome sequencing of 22 000 genes with Illumina Nextera Exome Enrichment Kit was performed on 22 DNA samples (11 Bulgarian patients and 11 Serbian patients). Software analysis was performed via NextGene, Provean, and PolyPhen. The frequency of all annotated genetic variants with deleterious/damaging effect was compared with those of European populations. Then we focused on nonannotated variants (with no data available about them and not found in healthy Bulgarian controls). There is no statistically significant difference between annotated variants in BEN patients and European populations. From nonannotated variants with more than 40% frequency in both patients' groups, we nominated 3 genes with possible deleterious/damaging variants—CELA1, HSPG2, and KCNK5. Mutant genes (CELA1, HSPG2, and KCNK5) in BEN patients encode proteins involved in basement membrane/extracellular matrix and vascular tone, tightly connected to process of angiogenesis. We suggest that an abnormal process of angiogenesis plays a key role in the molecular pathogenesis of BEN.

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Nature of the Virus Associated with Endemic Balkan Nephropathy

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

An intelligent face mask integrated with high density conductive nanowire array for directly exhaled coronavirus aerosols screening

An intelligent face mask integrated with high density conductive nanowire array for directly exhaled coronavirus aerosols screening

Comparative 1H NMR Metabolomic Urinalysis of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy, and Healthy Subjects, in Romania and Bulgaria: A Pilot Study

NGS NominatedCELA1,HSPG2, andKCNK5as Candidate Genes for Predisposition to Balkan Endemic Nephropathy

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