“…DBD are manifested through behaviors that violate the rights of others and/or bring the individual into conflict with societal norms ( APA, 2013). Although recent research supports that CD and ODD are two distinct disorders (Burke, Mulvey, & Schubert, 2015;Loeber & Burke, 2011;Pardini & Fites, 2010), there is a high degree of co-occurrence between ODD and CD symptoms (Lapalme & Déry, 2009). Moreover, these disorders share causal factors, and their impact can hardly be considered separately, which might explain why they are still often lumped together in a single category in studies (Kimonis, Frick, & McMahon, 2014;van der Molen et al, 2015).…”