“…Horn [1], who developed the concept based on Ducrot's [2,3] concept of metalinguistic negation, argues that external or marked use must be treated not as a truth-functional or semantic operator for propositions but rather as a device for objecting to a previous utterance on any grounds, such as the conversational implicature, its morphology, style, register, and phonetic realization. In this sense, other scholars (Kruszewski, Paperno, Bernardi and Baroni [4]) also refer to external or marked negation as pragmatic or conversational negation, which, as a more inclusive term, also encompasses negation merely realized by context instead of negation operators (e.g., Jiang [5]). As such, this study prefers adopting pragmatic negation to metalinguistic negation for discussing relevant phenomena in the context of this study.…”