Naturally Occurring Spinal Hyperostosis in Dogs as a Model for Human Spinal Disorders

Abstract

Both spondylosis and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) are prevalent in humans and are considered distinct entities. Nowadays, the term spondylosis is in the biomedical literature mostly used when concurrently degenerative disc disease is present. In companion animals, many reports on spondylosis, often without intervertebral disc degeneration, are described. The nomenclature and the definitions of both spondylosis and DISH in biomedical and veterinary literature should be more in line to facilitate comparison. Spondylosis and DISH occur in dogs spontaneously and can co-occur in one animal. Specifically, Boxers may serve as translational disease models for the elucidation of the gene(s) involved in the (etio)pathogenesis of spondylosis and DISH or serve as a test population for newly developed treatment options.

The effectiveness of Аlflutop in vertebral neurology

“…При цьому для візуалізації патологічного вип'ячування міжхребцевого диска, наявності спондильозу й уражень міжхребцевих суглобів, оцінки анатомічних співвідношень тіл хребців, задніх комплексів, форамінальних відділів, а також виявлення всіх рівнів, на яких присутні патологічні зміни, у першу чергу застосовують Т2-зважені імпульсні послідовності МРТ, головним чином завдяки високій чутливості в оцінці стану гідратації міжхребцевих дисків. Вважається, що МРТ-візуалізація необхідна не лише за первинного обстеження пацієнтів із дорсалгією і нейродистрофічними синдромами, а й при повторному та тривалому больовому синдромі [1].…”

Radiographic and MRI characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in a cat presented with a painful chronic ambulatory paraparesis

“…However, neurological signs due to spinal cord compression can develop and range from mild to death due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles. 4 Moreover, poor flexibility can lead to vertebral fractures after minor trauma. 12 Treatment is usually medical, but surgical management might be indicated when symptoms are severe.…”

“…15,16 Although, DISH can be found in asymptomatic patients, 3 severe stiffness, neurological deficits, pain and vertebral fractures have been reported. 4,17 Conservative approach is recommended in dogs, with surgical intervention only recommended in severe cases. 4,17 DISH in cats is a rare condition with only one case report in the veterinary literature.…”

Dystrophic calcification and heterotopic ossification in fibrocartilaginous tissues of the spine in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH)

“…Systemic metabolic changes related to obesity, diabetes mellitus, large waist circumference, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia are associated with DISH. 4,[11][12][13][14] Familial cases of DISH, 15,16 although rare, paired with the characterization of ectopic spine mineralization in animal models, [17][18][19][20] suggest the contribution of genetic factors in the etiology of DISH. A related disorder, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, has been reported frequently with DISH and is postulated to share a similar pathogenesis.…”