Naturally occurring antibacterial activities of avian and crocodile tissues

Annual and seasonal survival of adult female Mottled Ducks in southern Florida, USA

“…The most extensive characterizations of reptilian complement have been in the cobra (Vogel and Muller-Eberhand, 1985a, Vogel and Muller-Eberhand, 1985b, Fritzinger et al, 1992. Sharbanay et al (1999) described the antibacterial activity of crocodile serum. However, to our knowledge, a detailed functional description of crocodilian complement has not been published to date.…”

An investigation of the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of crocodile oil

“…However, despite the harsh environment that they live in, they appear to heal rapidly and almost always infection-free (Merchant, Britton, 2006;Merchant et al, 2006c;Siroski et al, 2009). Research unveiled how powerful the crocodile's immune system is, as opposed to the human immune system (Shaharabany et al, 1999;Merchant et al, 2005;Preecharram et al, 2008). It is able to effectively destroy resistant bacteria, as well as viruses including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Merchant et al, 2005;Merchant, Britton, 2006;Merchant et al, 2006a;Siroski et al, 2009).…”

Black cobra (Naja naja karachiensis) lysates exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities

“…Our preliminary findings show that organs lysates of the leafnose viper exhibited antimicrobial activities similar to black cobra, suggesting that it is an important area for further research. Among other reptile species, the serum of American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), [28][29][30] plasma of Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis), 31 and tissue extracts of Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) 32 have been shown to possess antibacterial as well as antiviral and anti-protist activities. In summary, for the first time we report antimicrobial activity from plasma and internal body organs of the black cobra.…”