Natural Synergism of Acid and Lactone Type Mixed Sophorolipids in Interfacial Activities and Cytotoxicities

Spontaneous Vesicle Formation from Sodium Salt of Acidic Sophorolipid and Its Application as a Skin Penetration Enhancer

“…Because of this, SLs display a high detergency, ready biodegradability, low foaming, and low cytotoxicity 17 . Furthermore, they are also characterized by high tolerance to hard water and have been used as commercial detergents in households and healthcare facilities in Japan 18,19 . SLs and their derivatives have also been found to display anti-microbial 20 , anticancer 21 , and anti-virus activities 22 .…”

Molecular and Crystal Structure of Spiculisporic Acid and Correlation with the Surface Activity

“…4 methylene linkages, 5 members 3/4 . The behavior of the hydrophobic and low foaming properties of the lactone-carrying surfactant concerned Table 5 is comparable to those of lactonic sophorolipid 17 . Consequently, S-1Na, a branched lactone ring and n-undecyl moieties C 15 -Na, behaved like the straight chain hexadecanoate C 16 -Na in the surface active behavior.…”

Monolayer Behavior of Binary Systems of Lactonic and Acidic Forms of Sophorolipids: Thermodynamic Analyses of Langmuir Monolayers and AFM Study of Langmuir^|^ndash;Blodgett Monolayers

“…The composition of the LS/AS mixture estimated by the standard curves using pure SL and AS as standards was 72:28, which corresponded well to the composition of the mixture of SL produced from soybean oil by S. bombicola NBRC 10243 9 . Through ELSD-LT detection, the peak intensity of LS was found to be rather low compared to that of AS, even at the same concentration.…”

“…The plots of excess area exhibited positive deviations from ideality, with the most significant deviation observed at X AS 0.3. Interestingly, this rather resembles the composition of the LS/AS mixture produced from S. bombicola in culture 9 . The appropriate mixing of LS and AL molecules effectively influences the molecular interactions and makes the molecular packing looser, especially at X AS 0.3.…”

“…Recently, Hirata et al found a synergic effect between LS and AS, and the CMC decreased upon mixing LS with AS 9 . Although S. bombicola secretes a mixture of both LS and AS in the culture, the miscibility or synergic effect of both compounds, especially at the molecular level, has not been elucidated.…”