Natural resource use of gasoline, hybrid, electric and fuel cell vehicles considering land disturbances

Kosai, Shoki; Matsui, Kenyu; Matsubae, Kazuyo; Yamasue, Eiji; Nagasaka, Tetsuya

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105256

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…A few studies also investigated gross direct materials used for vehicles [ 67 , 68 ]. Kosai et al [69] and Watari et al [70] used the "total material requirement " method to assess the direct and indirect materials used for vehicles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical metal requirement for clean energy transition: A quantitative review on the case of transportation electrification

Zhang

Yan

You

2023

Advances in Applied Energy

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical metal requirement for clean energy transition: A quantitative review on the case of transportation electrification

Zhang

Yan

You

2023

Advances in Applied Energy

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“…The sum of the weight of a retired vehicle as urban ore and the TMR quantity relevant to its disassembly was allocated to each component (LIB, tires, motor, steel scrap, aluminum scrap, and copper scrap) based on the corresponding monetary value, as shown in Section 2.1.1. The associated data were taken from the authors' previous studies [12,44].…”

Section: Repurposingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, circular economy strategies for LIBs address the issues relevant to natural resource use [10,11]. LIBs contain a large number of critical metals, including cobalt, nickel, copper, and manganese, and the high resource intensity of LIBs accounts for half of the resource intensity of the entire battery electric vehicle [12]. To achieve a closed-loop reuse, repurposing, and recycling system, it is necessary to mitigate primary resource use and improve resource efficiency [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Resource Circularity for Lithium-Ion Batteries up to 2050: Traction and Stationary Use

Kosai

Takata

Yamasue

2022

Mining

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The use of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) in both traction and stationary applications has become ubiquitous. It is essential that retired LIBs are wisely treated, with a basis in the concept of the circular economy, to mitigate primary resource use. A closed-loop repurposing and recycling treatment is required. Thus, using the concept of total material requirement as an indicator of natural resource use based on mining activity, a dynamic material flow analysis was executed considering the degradation of the battery, its lifespan, and demand patterns under several scenarios. Then, the effect of circularity on the savings in global natural resource use involved across the entire lifecycles of LIBs was evaluated. It was found that the global resource use for LIBs will increase to between 10 and 48 Gt in 2050. Circularity has the potential to contribute to an 8–44% reduction in the global resource use associated with LIBs in 2050. It was also found that a longer lifespan in the years leading up to 2050 would have a greater impact on the reduction of resource use for LIBs, despite the lower effectiveness of circularity, because it would reduce the demand for LIBs.

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“…Electrolyzers, fuel cells operated with oxygen, and reversible systems require the implementation of safety precautions, 72 such as material selection, the removal of combustible oils and greases from components, and meeting hazard regulations that is costly. The interest in replacing elements that are not earth abundant, 73,74 a circular economy with waste minimization (lifecycle assessment of the impact on the environment and carbon dioxide emissions), 73,75 and a carbon tax 76 may modify market forces and affect oxygen venting decisions. The oxygen market will also be impacted by an increased production.…”

Section: Future Needs and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective—Oxygen-Based Fuel Cell and Reversible Systems for Heavy-Duty Motive and Stationary Applications

St‐Pierre¹

2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The levelized cost of reversible fuel cells is used to identify benefits associated with oxygen use. For the same application, only three parameters influence the cost: roundtrip efficiency, total installation, and operation/maintenance costs. The higher efficiency reversible solid oxide fuel cell is preferred. Volume considerations suggest oxygen use in heavy-duty proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Oxygen differentially affects PEMFC degradation modes and limited data hamper the estimation of operation/maintenance costs. Comparative cost analyses and durability data are needed to ensure that the anticipated massive amount of oxygen produced by electrolysis, which is frequently vented, is not a lost opportunity.

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Natural resource use of gasoline, hybrid, electric and fuel cell vehicles considering land disturbances

Cited by 27 publications

References 66 publications

Critical metal requirement for clean energy transition: A quantitative review on the case of transportation electrification

Critical metal requirement for clean energy transition: A quantitative review on the case of transportation electrification

Global Resource Circularity for Lithium-Ion Batteries up to 2050: Traction and Stationary Use

Perspective—Oxygen-Based Fuel Cell and Reversible Systems for Heavy-Duty Motive and Stationary Applications

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