Natural Replacement of Chestnut by Other Species in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Woods, Frank W.; Shanks, Royal E.

doi:10.2307/1929751

Cited by 142 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Borkh.) by Quercus prinus L. and Q. rubra L. in the Great Smoky Mountains (Woods & Shanks, 1959). Northern red oak Q. rubra L. significantly surpassed yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) in its capacity for crown encroachment (lateral extension rates are 16.5 cm/year and 9.2 cm/year respectively) in Appalachian hardwood stands (Trimble & Tryon, 1966).…”

Section: Interspecific Differences and Cost Of Tree Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It has been reported, for instance, for conifers (Loehle, 1986;Stoll & Schmid, 1998;Umeki, 1995b) and broad-leaf trees (Brisson, 2001;Woods & Shanks, 1959), in tropical (Young & Hubbell, 1991) and temperate forested ecosystems (Frelich & Martin, 1988;Gysel, 1951;Stoll & Schmid, 1998;Webster & Lorimer, 2005). At the same time, different tree species vary significantly in their ability to execute plasticity patterns; this raises questions concerning the different life histories and ecological strategies associated with tree plasticity and light competition.…”

Section: Interspecific Differences and Cost Of Tree Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative contributions of these two processes can be regulated by the gap size and species composition of both saplings and neighbor trees. To capture a small gap, saplings must be able to grow fast enough to compete with expanding crowns of dominant and co-dominant trees at the gap borders; in large gaps, by contrast, saplings have more opportunities to establish a canopy (Cole & Lorimer, 2005;Gysel, 1951;Webster & Lorimer, 2005;Woods & Shanks, 1959). Individual tree plasticity leads to the development of a regular spatial canopy structure; in particular, crown centers are spaced more evenly than are the bases of plants.…”

Section: Gap Dynamics and Community-level Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual-Based Models and Scaling Methods for Ecological Forestry: Implications of Tree Phenotypic Plasticity

Strigul¹

2012

Sustainable Forest Management - Current Research

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Section: Interspecific Differences and Cost Of Tree Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Interspecific Differences and Cost Of Tree Plasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gap Dynamics and Community-level Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual-Based Models and Scaling Methods for Ecological Forestry: Implications of Tree Phenotypic Plasticity

Strigul¹

2012

Sustainable Forest Management - Current Research

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“…White and Jentsch 2001). The convenience of examining weak to strong disturbances in plot-scale studies has led to numerous analyses and improved explanations of these phenomena (e.g., Downs 1938, Curtis 1943, Woods and Shanks 1959, Young and Hubbell 1991, Bellingham et al 1995). An enhanced comprehension of landscape-scale disturbances coincides with the rapid development of landscape ecology and the growing appreciation for the influences large, infrequent disturbances (LIDs) exert on species composition, structure, demography, and ecosystem processes (Foster et al 1998, Turner et al 1998, Turner 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological importance of intermediate windstorms rivals large, infrequent disturbances in the northern Great Lakes

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Exogenous disturbances are critical agents of change in temperate forests capable of damaging trees and influencing forest structure, composition, demography, and ecosystem processes. Forest disturbances of intermediate magnitude and intensity receive relatively sparse attention, particularly at landscape scales, despite influencing most forests at least once per generation. Contextualizing the spatial extent and heterogeneity of such damage is of paramount importance to increasing our understanding of forested ecosystems. We investigated patterns of intermediate wind disturbance across a forested landscape in the northern Great Lakes, USA. A vegetation change tracker (VCT) algorithm was utilized for processing near-biennial Landsat data stacks ) spanning forests sustaining damage from four recent windstorms. VCT predominantly maps stand-clearing disturbance and regrowth patterns, which were used to identify forest boundaries, young stands, and disturbance patterns across space and time. To map wind damage severity, we compared satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values calculated from pre-and post-storm Landsat imagery. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to derive wind damage predictor variables from VCT, digital terrain, soils/landform, land cover, and storm tracking data. Hierarchical and random forests regressions were applied to rank the relative importance of predictor variables in influencing wind damage.A conservative estimate of aggregate damage from the intermediate windstorms (extrapolated to ;150,000 ha, ;25,500 severe) rivaled individual large, infrequent disturbances in the region. Damage patterns were relatively congruent among storms and became more spatially heterogeneous with increasing disturbance intensity. Proximity to forest-nonforest edge, stand age, and soils/landform were consistently important damage predictors. The spatial extent and distribution of the first two damage predictors are extremely sensitive to anthropogenic modifications of forested landscapes, the most important disturbance agent in the northern Great Lakes. This provides circumstantial evidence suggesting anthropogenic activities are augmenting and/or diminishing the ecological effects of the natural wind disturbance regime. Natural disturbances of intermediate size and intensity are significant agents of change in this region, and likely in other regions, deserving more attention from ecologists and biogeographers.

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“…The more recent nudation in Dryman Fork Basin might account for the greater proportional area of sparsely vegetated understory in this basin. Moreover, while chestnut blight affected both basins in a dramatic way, the demise of American chestnut is slow, in general, and slower still at higher elevations (Woods and Shanks, 1959). Dryman Fork Basin has a higher mean elevation than does Coweeta Basin, and it is feasible that chestnut mortality in Dryman Fork lagged that of Coweeta Basin, thereby retarding the availability of rotting logs as a seedling substrate for Rhododendron maximum.…”

Section: Historical Land Use and Disturbance Effects On Evergreen-undmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evergreen Understory Dynamics in Coweeta Forest, North Carolina

Dobbs¹,

Parker²

2004

Physical Geography

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A number of studies have elucidated the distributional patterns of various components of Southern Appalachian forests. The evergreen understory here is composed largely of a dominant ericaceous shiub, Rhododendron maximum L., which is believed to be expanding and inhibiting the development of other species with consequent impacts on overall forest structure and composition. We use a GIS and logistic regression to examine this less-studied forest element in the Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, North Carolina, over a 17-year period to determine whether expansion is occurring and, if so, whether it can be predicted based on terrain characteristics. We examine two adjacent, physically similar basins with differing degrees of experimental manipulation in the 20th century in an attempt to examine the role of environmental and historical factors in determining spatial patterns of persistence, expansion, and decline of the evergreen understory. Results indicate that significant expansion of the evergreen understory occurred in both basins during the period 1976-1 993, and that stream proximity, topographic setting, and elevation are related to patterns of evergreen-understory dynamics. Patterns differ between the two basins, suggesting that disturbance and differing land-use histories are also influential. Predictive power of models based on terrain factors alone ranges from <1 OO/o to >sooh.

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Natural Replacement of Chestnut by Other Species in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Cited by 142 publications

References 16 publications

Individual-Based Models and Scaling Methods for Ecological Forestry: Implications of Tree Phenotypic Plasticity

Individual-Based Models and Scaling Methods for Ecological Forestry: Implications of Tree Phenotypic Plasticity

Ecological importance of intermediate windstorms rivals large, infrequent disturbances in the northern Great Lakes

Evergreen Understory Dynamics in Coweeta Forest, North Carolina

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