Natural Regeneration and Biological Invasion by Pinus caribaea Morelet in Two Vereda Sites: Woody Vegetation Response

Abstract

Veredas are regarded as humid complexes of ecological, water and scenery significance in Cerrado biome related to water table outcrop. Direct alterations in these environments can lead to species diversity reduction and also facilitate biological invasion processes. Thus our study aims to investigate the natural regeneration, the coverage of woody vegetation and the invasive species in two sites in secondary successional stage in the central part of Cerrado biome. Our study was carried out at two sites located at Minas Gerais state, Brazil. We established plots randomly throughout transects laid perpendicularly to the vereda's drain line. We used the line intercept method to analyze the vegetation coverage. We set five 10-m width transects in each of both areas, perpendicular to the vereda's drain line to evaluate the distribution of invasive alien species in the two areas. The richness did not vary between communities (U = 67.50; p = 0.061); on the other hand we found significant difference in density estimates (U = 36.50; p = 0.002). We found significant difference between categories for soil coverage in both sites. Grasses showed the highest coverage when compared to the other categories (K = 45.06; p < 0.001 for site 1 and K = 67.47; p < 0.001 for site 2). We observed a zonation tendency in site 1, with a higher native grass coverage at middle and backwards zones (K = 7.734, p < 0.05). We only found Pinus caribaea Morelet individuals in the invasive species survey. We recorded 46 Pinus caribaea individuals at site 1 and 116 Pinus caribaea individuals at site 2. From the latter group we found 13 individuals within the vereda and 103 in the surrounding vegetation. Both sites have a high natural woody plant regeneration potential although the presence of alien grasses in the veredas' edge and Pinus caribaea all over the humidity gradient highlights the vulnerability of these areas to biological invasion.

Dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) from a Cerrado area at Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…Most of the sampled points were exclusively lentic habitats, however, in three points (S3, S5, S13), we found tight channels with moving water nearby to the lentic habitats. Some of the aquatic environments had a riparian zone composed by native cerrado mature shrubs and trees, and those were classified as shaded areas (SH) whereas others were located in open areas (OP), with fields predominantly covered by grasses, with only few sparse shrubs (Soares et al 2015). The area of each lake was measured by using Google Earth Pro.…”

Valor De Uso De Planta Da Família Araceae Na Região De Munguba/Porto Grande/ Ap

“…Para análise da cobertura por diferentes grupos vegetais, foram utilizadas as seguintes categorias: gramíneas exóticas, gramíneas nativas, outras herbáceas, lenhosas, lianas, pteridófitas e solo descoberto (Soares et al 2015).…”

Estrutura e diversidade da regeneração lenhosa, invasão biológica e morfometria de Mauritia flexuosa L.f. em veredas no Triângulo Mineiro (MG)

“…A distribuição dos indivíduos de P. caribea não foi influenciada pela zonação florística adotada no presente trabalho. Dessa forma, ações de manejo para a espécie são indicadas como o corte raso dos regenerantes e o anelamento do fuste para os indivíduos com DAP acima de 5 cm de diâmetro (Soares et al 2015). A transferência de top soil também é indicada para trechos onde não pode ser aproveitada a regeneração natural, bem como a inexistência de propágulos, ou chuva de sementes.…”

“…A invasão biológica por espécies exóticas provenientes de monoculturas em áreas limítrofes representa uma das principais causas que promovem instabilidade ambiental em veredas (Rosolen et al 2015b;Soares et al 2015;Hui e Richardson 2017). Além disso, a qualidade do solo dessas áreas naturais fica severamente comprometida devido ao escoamento de resíduos agroquímicos aplicados indiscriminadamente nos plantios agrícolas (Rosolen et al 2015a).…”

“…O diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) das matrizes apresentou intervalo de 29,9 a 54,1 cm. A biometria dos propágulos apresentou as maiores dimensões para as áreas no município Soares et al 2015), o que exige a implantação de medidas de intervenção para a conservação dos recursos naturais, considerada a baixa resiliência desses ecossistemas (Carvalho 1991;.…”