Natural Products and Their Potential Anti-HAV Activity

Jama-Kmiecik, Agnieszka; Sarowska, Jolanta; Wojnicz, Dorota; Choroszy−Król, Irena; Frej−Mądrzak, Magdalena

doi:10.3390/pathogens10091095

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…The available literature provides very limited information about the effect of different essential oils on HAV. Oils that have been previously studied include oregano, thyme, lemon, sweet orange, grapefruit, and rosemary [ 42 , 43 ]. However, there are no current studies on the effectiveness of EOCa against HAV.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Essential Oil

Kiki

2023

Molecules

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Viral infections are spread all around the world. Although there are available therapies, their safety and effectiveness are constrained by their adverse effects and drug resistance. Therefore, new natural antivirals have been used such as essential oils, which are natural products with promising biological activity. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify the components of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil (EOCa) and verify its antioxidant and antiviral activity. The oil was analyzed using GC/MS, and the antioxidant capacity was evaluated as a function of the radical scavenging activity. A plaque reduction test was used to measure the antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and an adenovirus. GC/MS analysis confirmed the presence of eugenol as the main component (76.78%). Moreover, EOCa had powerful antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 50 µg/mL. The highest antiviral potential was found against HAV, with a selectivity index (SI) of 14.46, while showing poor selectivity toward HSV-1 with an SI value of 1.44. However, no relevant effect was detected against the adenovirus. The antiviral activity against HAV revealed that its effect was not related to host cytotoxicity. The findings imply that EOCa can be utilized to treat diseases caused by infections and free radicals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Essential Oil

Kiki

2023

Molecules

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“…The chemical components of the EOs and especially the main compounds played as the main mediators in their pharmaceutical and biological activities [ 8 ]. The present results revealed that the bark EO has moderate to weak antiviral potentialities, especially against the two viruses, HAV and HSV1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the causes of more than a million infections around the world every year. This virus is a liver-self-limiting and sometimes life-threatening disease [ 8 ]. HAV infections were primarily caused by foods and water, as well as direct contact with an infected person [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiviral Potentialities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oils of Acacia nilotica Bark and Fruits against Hepatitis A and Herpes Simplex Viruses: In Vitro, In Silico, and Molecular Dynamics Studies

Gendy

Essa

El-Rashedy

et al. 2022

Plants

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Acacia nilotica (synonym: Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter and Mabb.) is considered an important plant of the family Fabaceae that is used in traditional medicine in many countries all over the world. In this work, the antiviral potentialities of the chemically characterized essential oils (EOs) obtained from the bark and fruits of A. nilotica were assessed in vitro against HAV, HSV1, and HSV2. Additionally, the in silico evaluation of the main compounds in both EOs was carried out against the two proteins, 3C protease of HAV and thymidine kinase (TK) of HSV. The chemical profiling of the bark EOs revealed the identification of 32 compounds with an abundance of di- (54.60%) and sesquiterpenes (39.81%). Stachene (48.34%), caryophyllene oxide (19.11%), and spathulenol (4.74%) represented the main identified constituents of bark EO. However, 26 components from fruit EO were assigned, with the majority of mono- (63.32%) and sesquiterpenes (34.91%), where trans-caryophyllene (36.95%), Z-anethole (22.87%), and γ-terpinene (7.35%) represented the majors. The maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) of the bark and fruits EOs was found at 500 and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. Using the MTT assay, the bark EO exhibited moderate antiviral activity with effects of 47.26% and 35.98% and a selectivity index (SI) of 2.3 and 1.6 against HAV and HSV1, respectively. However, weak activity was observed via the fruits EO with respective SI values of 3.8, 5.7, and 1.6 against HAV, HSV1, and HSV2. The in silico results exhibited that caryophyllene oxide and spathulenol (the main bark EO constituents) showed the best affinities (ΔG = −5.62, −5.33, −6.90, and −6.76 kcal/mol) for 3C protease and TK, respectively. While caryophyllene (the major fruit EO component) revealed promising binding capabilities against both proteins (ΔG = −5.31, −6.58 kcal/mol, respectively). The molecular dynamics simulation results revealed that caryophyllene oxide has the most positive van der Waals energy interaction with 3C protease and TK with significant binding free energies. Although these findings supported the antiviral potentialities of the EOs, especially bark EO, the in vivo assessment should be tested in the intraoral examination for these EOs and/or their main constituents.

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Encapsulation of Pomelo Peel Essential oil (Citrus maxima) Using the Alginate/Chitosan complex

Nguyen,

Van

et al. 2024

Natural Product Communications

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Objective: This study aimed to determine appropriate parameters for encapsulating pomelo peel essential oil (Citrus maxima) using the alginate/chitosan complex. Methods: The investigated parameters included the concentration of sodium alginate solution (2 ‒ 3.5% w/v based on the volume of mixture), the concentration of pomelo essential oil (20 ‒ 40% w/w based on dry matter of wall marerials), the concentration of Tween 80 (0 ‒ 20% w/w based on dry matter of wall marerials), the concentration of CaCl2 solution (0.5 ‒ 3.5% w/v based on the volume of mixture), time (10 min – 20 min) and speed of emulsion homogenization (489-4402 × g), the concentration of chitosan solution (0.5 ‒ 2% w/v based on the volume of mixture), and pH of chitosan solution (4 ‒ 6). Results: The results showed encapsulation yield (EY%) and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 91.64% and 85.18%, respectively, when using the concentration of sodium alginate solution as 3% (w/v based on the volume of mixture), the concentration of essential oil as 30% (w/w based on dry matter of wall marerials), the concentration of Tween 80 as 15% (w/w based on dry matter of wall marerials), the concentration of CaCl2 solution as 1.5% (w/v based on the volume of mixture), homogenization time as 10 min and homogenization speed as 4402 × g, the concentration of chitosan as 2% (w/v based on the volume of mixture) and pH of Chitosan solution as 5. Conclusion: The alginate/chitosan complex was proven effective in encapsulating pomelo essential oil (Citrus maxima) on a laboratory scale. The resulting encapsulated particles had a relatively uniform size and a high ability to retain essential oils in the core of the particles. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of the encapsulation process and to additionally evaluate the physical and chemical properties of the encapsulated particles.

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Natural Products and Their Potential Anti-HAV Activity

Cited by 3 publications

References 108 publications

In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Essential Oil

In Vitro Antiviral Potential, Antioxidant, and Chemical Composition of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Essential Oil

Antiviral Potentialities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oils of Acacia nilotica Bark and Fruits against Hepatitis A and Herpes Simplex Viruses: In Vitro, In Silico, and Molecular Dynamics Studies

Encapsulation of Pomelo Peel Essential oil (Citrus maxima) Using the Alginate/Chitosan complex

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