Natural polymers, wood and lignocellulosic materials

Kozłowski, Ryszard; Przybylak, Maria Wladyka –

doi:10.1533/9781855737464.293

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The peaks appearing on DTG curves illustrate the rate of changes occurring in the materials and provide information regarding their chemical structure. As a result of the temperature increase, the dehydration process occurs first, accompanied by the emission of liquid and volatile compounds [12,13,14,15]. Based on the mass change in the range from ambient temperature up to 130 °C, it was observed that the amount of water in the fillers could be as much as about 3% (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the residue at 900 °C grew with increasing organic compounds and it corresponded to the amount of lignin that they contained (SH < WS < HS) [21]. This is associated with the presence of aromatic groups in lignin, the occurrence of which promotes the formation of char [12,13,14,15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process takes place over three most important phases: initial (flameless), main (flaming phase), and final (flameless) [14,15]. The initial phase includes a dehydration process with release of water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Stability, Fire and Smoke Behaviour of Epoxy Composites Modified with Plant Waste Fillers

et al. 2019

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The influence of plant fillers on the flammability and smoke emission of natural composites was investigated. Epoxy composites with 15, 25, and 35 wt % of walnut and hazelnut shell, as well as sunflower husk, were prepared and examined. The ground organic components were characterized by grain size distribution, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microstructure observations (SEM). The composite materials were subjected to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and structural evaluation with scanning electron microscopy. Cone calorimeter tests and TGA determined the influence of plant waste filler addition on thermal stability and flammability. Moreover, the semi-volatile and volatile compounds that evolved during the thermal decomposition of selected samples were identified using a steady state tube furnace and a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometer. The intensity of the degradation reduced as a function of increasing filler content, while the yield of residue corresponded to the amount of lignin that is contained in the tested plants. Moreover, the incorporation of agricultural waste materials resulted in the formation of a char layer, which inhibits the burning process. The yield of char depended on the amount and type of the filler. The composites containing ground hazelnut shell formed swollen char that was shaped in multicellular layers, similar to intumescent fire retardants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Stability, Fire and Smoke Behaviour of Epoxy Composites Modified with Plant Waste Fillers

et al. 2019

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“…The research carried out by Kozłowski and colleagues clearly shows that natural fibers rich in lignin (flax, hemp) are characterized by a lower rate of heat released than fibers with a high cellulose content. This shows the ability of lignin to catalyze carbonization reactions, which positively affect the formation of an insulating carbon layer, increasing the fire resistance of polymer bio-composites containing them [ 19 , 20 ]. The increase in the carbonization reaction efficiency during the decomposition of natural fibers can be obtained by subjecting them to chemical modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Chemically Modified (Selected Silanes) Lignocellulosic Filler and Its Application in Natural Rubber Biocomposites

2020

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This article concerns the functional properties of elastomeric composites reinforced with modified lignocellulosic material obtained from cereal straw. The aim of the research was to acquire new knowledge on the effectiveness of cereal straw modification methods in multifunctional properties, while reducing the flammability of newly designed elastomeric materials made of natural rubber. The article deals with investigating and explaining dependencies that affect the performance and processing properties of polymer biocomposites containing modified cereal straw. Three different silanes were used to modify the lignocellulosic filler: n-Propyltriethoxysilane, Vinyltriethoxysilane, and 3,3′-Tetrathiobis(propyl-triethoxysilane). The influence of the conducted modifications on the morphology and structure of straw particles was investigated using a scanning electron microscope, contact angle measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis technique. The increase in hydrophobicity and thermal stability of natural fibers was confirmed. In turn, the impact of silanization on the properties of filled composites was determined on the basis of rheometric characteristics and cross-linking density, static mechanical properties, tear resistance, thermal stability, and flammability tests. Noteworthy was the improvement of the mechanical strength of biocomposites and their resistance to burning. Correlations affecting the structure, morphology, dispersion, and properties of produced composites can facilitate the indication of a further research path in the field of development of new elastomeric biomaterials.

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“…Kapok liflerinin özgül ısısı ise yani 1 gram kapok lifinin sıcaklığının 1 o C yükseltilebilmesi için verilmesi gereken ısı miktarı 0,324 cal/g/ o C olarak kaydedilmiştir. Bu değerin pamuk lifleri için 0,292 cal/g/ o C (merserize pamuk 0,295 cal/g/ o C) iken, sisal lifleri için 0,317; abaka lifleri için 0,322; kenevir lifleri için 0,323; keten lifleri için 0,322 ve jüt lifleri için 0,324 cal/g/ o C olduğu gözlemlenmektedir [11,57].…”

Section: şEkil 3 Kapok Lifinin Boyuna (100x Büyütme Oranında)-(a) Veunclassified

Oleofilik Buoyans Özellikli Kapok Lifleri ve Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar

Turkoglu

Kalayci

Avinç

et al. 2019

Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi

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Kapok lifi, "ceiba pentandra" olarak da bilinen kapok ağacının meyvesi içerisinde bulunan bir tür tohum lifidir. İçi boş tüp yapısı, hidrofobik/oleofilik karakteri, düşük yoğunluğu ve su üzerinde batmadan yüzebilme kabiliyeti ile bilinen selülozik liflerden farklı bir profil sergileyen kapok lifleri ayrıca kolay ulaşılabilir, yenilenebilir, biyobozunur ve tekrar tekrar kullanılabilir olması ile son yıllarda ilgi gören bir araştırma materyali haline gelmiştir. Kapok lifleri üzerine yapılan araştırmalar, su kaynaklarımıza bulaşan çeşitli yağ türevli atıkların uzaklaştırılmasından, ses ve ısı yalıtımı malzemelerine, biyoyakıttan elektrokimyasal depolama malzemelerine kadar geniş bir alanda kullanım potansiyeline sahip olduğunu hatta bu kullanım yelpazesinin daha da genişleyebileceğini kanıtlar niteliktedir. Sürdürülebilirlik hedefleri altında yenilenebilir alternatif yeşil kaynakların daha fazla dikkat çekmeye başladığı şu günlerde, kapok lifleri oldukça önemli bir ham madde kaynağı olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında; kapok liflerinin yapısı, özellikleri, uygulama alanları gibi başlıklar detaylı olarak incelenmiştir.

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Natural polymers, wood and lignocellulosic materials

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Thermal Stability, Fire and Smoke Behaviour of Epoxy Composites Modified with Plant Waste Fillers

Thermal Stability, Fire and Smoke Behaviour of Epoxy Composites Modified with Plant Waste Fillers

Properties of Chemically Modified (Selected Silanes) Lignocellulosic Filler and Its Application in Natural Rubber Biocomposites

Oleofilik Buoyans Özellikli Kapok Lifleri ve Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar

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