Natural phospholipase A2 myotoxin inhibitor proteins from snakes, mammals and plants

Lizano, Sergio; Domont, Gilberto B.; Perales, Jonás

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.11.007

Cited by 112 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In vitro studies showed that Calotropis procera contains sugars, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, tannins and glycosides (Sharma et al, 2012a). Several biochemicals have been identified for anti-snake scorpion and wasp venom from Withania somnifera (Lizano et al, 2003;Machiah et al, 2006), Azadirachta indica (Mukherjee et al, 2008) and Mangifera indica (Pithayanukul et al, 2009). Achyranthes aspera is a widely used herb in the sub-continent for poisonous animal bites and it is one of the major plants utilized in a variety of ways to treat snake and scorpion bites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Snakebite and Scorpion Sting Among the People of Namal Valley, Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan

Shah¹

2018

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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Abstract. Snakebite and scorpion sting are the most neglected public problems especially in the poor rural communities of South Asia including Pakistan. The frequency of snakebites and scorpion stings in Pakistan has increased tremendously due to destruction of habitats of snakes and scorpions as a result of deforestation and the consequent migration of these poisonous animals towards human settlements. The management of the frequency of snake bites and scorpion stings has been unsatisfactory in this region. In order to investigate and collect information from the inhabitants on the curative values of plants for treatment of snakebite and scorpion sting, an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants was carried out from September 2015 to July 2016 to document information from 14 villages of Namal Valley of District Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. The Martin method was followed for collecting information from informants about the medicinal plants used for these poisonous bites. A total of 68 plant species belonging to 37 families and 61 genera was recorded. Information obtained included the common names and their families while photographs of all plants recorded were obtained using the Olympus digital camera. The plants documented were herbs (54%), shrubs (26%) and trees (20%). The family Solanaceae was found to be the most frequently used. The dominant plant part in the recipes obtained is the leaf (22%). The most frequently used mode of preparation in the recipes was the paste. Calotropis procera, Arisaema jacquemontii, Albizia lebbeck and Portulaca oleracea were the major medicinal plants recorded. The present study is the first ethnobotanical survey of the area and the first report of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of poisonous snake bites and scorpion stings among the indigenous communities of Namal Valley of District Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Snakebite and Scorpion Sting Among the People of Namal Valley, Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan

Shah¹

2018

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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“…Neutralization of snake venoms and isolated toxins by plant extracts has been extensively explored as an alternative treatment to serum therapy (17,18,44). Natural and synthetic compounds such as heparin, suramin, fucoidan and animal serum factors have also been studied (45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-level laser therapy decreases local effects induced by myotoxins isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom

Barbosa¹,

Villaverde²,

Guimarães-Sousa³

et al. 2010

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:The prominent myotoxic effects induced by Bothrops jararacussu crude venom are due, in part, to its polycationic myotoxins, BthTX-I and BthTX-II. Both myotoxins have a phospholipase A2 structure: BthTX-II is an active enzyme Asp-49 PLA2, while BthTX-I is a Lys-49 PLA2 devoid of enzymatic activity. In this study, the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT), 685 nm laser at a dose of 4.2 J/cm2 on edema formation, leukocyte influx and myonecrosis caused by BthTX-I and BthTX-II, isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, was analyzed. BthTX-I and BthTX-II caused a significant edema formation, a prominent leukocyte infiltrate composed predominantly by neutrophils and myonecrosis in envenomed gastrocnemius muscle. LLLT significantly reduced the edema formation, neutrophil accumulation and myonecrosis induced by both myotoxins 24 hours after the injection. LLLT reduced the myonecrosis caused by BthTX-I and BthTX-II, respectively, by 60 and 43%; the edema formation, by 41 and 60.7%; and the leukocyte influx, by 57.5 and 51.6%. In conclusion, LLLT significantly reduced the effect of these snake toxins on the inflammatory response and myonecrosis. These results suggest that LLLT should be considered a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of local effects of Bothrops species venom.

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“…Other compounds may be used instead of neutralizing antibodies (51)(52)(53). Natural products from plants of different regions, some utilized for centuries in traditional medicine, have been studied (54).…”

Section: Reaction)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Snake antivenoms: adverse reactions and production technology

Morais¹,

Massaldi²

2009

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Antivenoms have been widely used for more than a century for treating snakebites and other accidents with poisonous animals. Despite their efficacy, the use of heterologous antivenoms involves the possibility of adverse reactions due to activation of the immune system. In this paper, alternatives for antivenom production already in use were evaluated in light of their ability to minimize the occurrence of adverse reactions. These effects were classified according to their molecular mechanism as: anaphylactic reactions mediated by IgE, anaphylactoid reactions caused by complement system activation, and pyrogenic reactions produced mainly by the presence of endotoxins in the final product. In the future, antivenoms may be replaced by humanized antibodies, specific neutralizing compounds or vaccination. Meanwhile, improvements in antivenom quality will be focused on the obtainment of a more purified and specific product in compliance with good manufacturing practices and at an affordable cost.

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Natural phospholipase A2 myotoxin inhibitor proteins from snakes, mammals and plants

Cited by 112 publications

References 81 publications

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Snakebite and Scorpion Sting Among the People of Namal Valley, Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan

An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Snakebite and Scorpion Sting Among the People of Namal Valley, Mianwali District, Punjab, Pakistan

Low-level laser therapy decreases local effects induced by myotoxins isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom

Snake antivenoms: adverse reactions and production technology

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