Natural Pesticides and Bioactive Components in Foods

Beier, Ross C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3366-4_2

Cited by 145 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 245 publications

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“…Some metabolites have beneficial effects, while others are toxic when fed at high levels to sensitive animal species (Ames et al, 1990). Although particular metabolites tend to be specific to some plant families, there are metabolites of concern in a number of common food and feed crops, including apple (Malus domestica), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), Brassica spp., celery (Apium graveolens), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus), potato (Solanum tuberosum), cherry (Prunus avium or Prunus cerasus), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor; Beier, 1990;D'Mello et al, 1991;Stewart, 2009). Examples of such metabolites include alkaloids, lectins, glucosinolates, furanocoumarins, cyanoglucosides, nicotines, and phytoestrogens.…”

Section: Interactions and Plasticity Are Ubiquitous And Important Phementioning

confidence: 99%

Editor’s Choice: Evaluating the Potential for Adverse Interactions within Genetically Engineered Breeding Stacks

Steiner¹,

Halpin

Jez

et al. 2013

Plant Physiol.

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Section: Interactions and Plasticity Are Ubiquitous And Important Phementioning

confidence: 99%

Editor’s Choice: Evaluating the Potential for Adverse Interactions within Genetically Engineered Breeding Stacks

Steiner¹,

Halpin

Jez

et al. 2013

Plant Physiol.

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“…Induction of many of such inherent toxicants can result from a plant's exposure to many kinds of elicitors, e.g. bacterial infection, viruses, exposure to cell wall fragments, cold, UV light, heavy metal salts, antibiotics, fungicides, herbicides and at feeding sites of nematodes (Beier, 1990). …”

Section: Role Of Inherent Toxicants In the Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After reviewing the literature on cruciferous plants, Beier (1990) concludes that the glucosinolate degradation product indole-3-carbinol (I3C) isolated from Brassica oleracea given before a carcinogen, protects against carcinogenesis, whereas, when given after a carcinogen, it strongly promotes carcinogenesis. Substances which alter the microsomal mixed-function oxidase enzyme system may increase the detoxification of some carcinogens but enhance the neoplastic response under other conditions (Wattenberg, 1979;De Flora et al, 1991).…”

Section: Health Protecting and Ad6erse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example of the vast number of bioactive substances in food plants is that 96 bioactive substances have already been identified in basil (Beier, 1990). The known inherent food plant toxicants can be classified in several categories, relating to their plant source, the chemical structure of the substance or its physiologically active metabolite, or to the mode of action.…”

Section: Classification and Priority Setting Of Known Inherent Food Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The known inherent food plant toxicants can be classified in several categories, relating to their plant source, the chemical structure of the substance or its physiologically active metabolite, or to the mode of action. Overviews of known inherent food plant toxicants are given by Duke (1977), Liener (1980), Concon (1988), Cheeke (1989), Beier (1990), IFBC (1990), D'Mello et al (1991), IPCS and ILSI Europe (1992. 1992) distinguished coumarins, cyanogens, cycasin, dioscorea alkaloids, furocoumarins, glucosinolates, glycoalkaloids, glyzrrhizin, haemagglutinins, hydrazines, hydrazones, isoflavones, lupin alkaloids, methylene dioxybenzenes, methylxanthines, pyrrolizidin alkaloids, saponins, tannins, toxic aminoacids, toxic fatty acids, vicine and convicine.…”

Section: Classification and Priority Setting Of Known Inherent Food Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Food plant toxicants and safety

Essers

Alink

Speijers

et al. 1998

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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The ADI as a tool for risk management and regulation of food additives and pesticide residues is not readily applicable to inherent food plant toxicants: The margin between actual intake and potentially toxic levels is often small; application of the default uncertainty factors used to derive ADI values, particularly when extrapolating from animal data, would prohibit the utilisation of the food, which may have an overall beneficial health effect. Levels of inherent toxicants are difficult to control; their complete removal is not always wanted, due to their function for the plant or for human health. The health impact of the inherent toxicant is often modified by factors in the food, e.g. the bioavailability from the matrix and interaction with other inherent constituents. Risk-benefit analysis should be made for different consumption scenarios, without the use of uncertainty factors. Crucial in this approach is analysis of the toxicity of the whole foodstuff. The relationship between the whole foodstuff and the pure toxicant is expressed in the 'product correction factor' (PCF). Investigations in humans are essential so that biomarkers of exposure and for effect can be used to analyse the difference between animals and humans and between the food and the pure toxicant. A grid of the variables characterising toxicity is proposed, showing their inter-relationships. A flow diagram for risk estimate is provided, using both toxicological and epidemiological studies.

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