Natural Occurring Phenolic Derivatives from Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) Stems and Their Potential Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Abstract

Mauritia flexuosa Linnaeus filius (buriti or aguage; Arecaceae) is a palm used by traditional medicine in Brazil to treat dysentery and diarrhea. Our group showed that the soluble dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) fraction from EtOH extract from M. flexuosa stems inhibited the growth of methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and it is rich in phenolic compounds. This study aimed to isolate new phenolic compounds from CH2Cl2 fraction from M. flexuosa stems with in vitro antibacterial activity. The crude CH2Cl2 fraction was fractionated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) followed by semi‐preparative RP‐HPLC. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the broth microdilution method against MSSA (ATCC 29213) and MRSA (clinical isolate 155). All compounds were also tested against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli; ATCC 35218) bacteria and two fungi species (Candida albicans; ATCC 14053 and Trichophyton rubrum; ATCC MYA 4438). The chemical structures of isolated compounds were determined by analysis and comparison with literature data of their NMR and HRMS spectra and optical activity. The chemical investigation yielded seven aromatic compounds, of which four, (2S,15S)‐2,15‐dimethyl‐2,15‐dioxa‐1,8(1,4)‐dibenzenacyclotetradecaphane (1), (2S,5S)‐1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexane‐2,5‐diol (3), bruguierol E (4), and buritin (5) were previously unreported and three are known compounds identified as 6‐(4’‐hydroxyphenyl) hexan‐2‐one (2), (+)‐(2R,3R)‐dihydrokaempferol (6), and (+)‐(2R)‐naringenin (7). Compounds 1 and 7 showed antibacterial activity against MRSA and MSSA with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of between 62.5 and 31.3 μg/mL, respectively. Our preliminary findings support that CH2Cl2 fraction from buriti, a typical species of flooded areas of Brazilian savanna, and its aromatic phenolic compounds are active against MSSA and MRSA contributing with understanding about the traditional use of this species.

Lactobacillus paracaseiinfluences the gut-microbiota-targeted metabolic modulation of the immune status of diarrheal mice

“…LC-MS was used to investigate the possible correlation between the effect of L. paracasei and metabolism; the occurrence of diarrhea was related to intesti-nal microflora disruption. In this study, there are some antiinflammatory metabolites, such as dihydromyricetin, [63][64][65] and pinocembrin, [66][67][68][69] which were increased in the PE group, whereas dihydrokaempferol, 70,71 pinocembrin, dihydromyricetin, and rimexolone, which can inhibit CD4 + T cells, 72 were reduced in the CIP group. The results suggest that L. paracasei can promote the production of anti-inflammatory substances.…”

Phenolic Compounds in Bacterial Inactivation: A Perspective from Brazil

“…Therefore, although there may be a greater propensity for flavonoids to inactivate Gram-positive bacteria, some molecules may be equally effective in inactivating Gram-negative bacteria, ensuring a characteristic of flavonoids as multitarget compounds. Regarding compounds with action on Gram-positive bacteria, the flavonoids dihydroxykaempferol ( 3 ) and naringenin ( 4 ) ( Figure 3 ), isolated from the stem of Maurutia flexuosa species, were shown to be active against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) [ 17 ]. Dihydroxykaempferol presented a MIC value of 250 μg/mL for both strains, while the flavanone naringenin showed a more efficient MIC of 62.5 μg/mL ( Table 1 ) [ 17 ].…”

“…Regarding compounds with action on Gram-positive bacteria, the flavonoids dihydroxykaempferol ( 3 ) and naringenin ( 4 ) ( Figure 3 ), isolated from the stem of Maurutia flexuosa species, were shown to be active against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) [ 17 ]. Dihydroxykaempferol presented a MIC value of 250 μg/mL for both strains, while the flavanone naringenin showed a more efficient MIC of 62.5 μg/mL ( Table 1 ) [ 17 ]. It is important to note that there are works related to the flavonoid naringenin that describe its antibacterial potential against the bacteria S. aureus [ 61 ].…”

Platanus hybrida’s Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant Power, and Antibacterial Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

“…Ibrahim et al (2009) described several metabolites from P. occidentalis as viable growth inhibitors of MRSA [64]. Moreover, many natural sources of phenolic compounds have also demonstrated good anti-MRSA activity [65][66][67]. In general, the fruit extracts inhibited microbial growth at lower concentrations and presented slightly higher inhibition zones.…”