Natural occurrence of Fusarium toxins in feedstuff

Mirocha, C. J.; Pathre, S. V.; Schauerhamer, B; Çhristensen, C. M.

doi:10.1128/aem.32.4.553-556.1976

Cited by 211 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…prior to harvest. The majority of the strains will produce at least two toxin types and co-occurrence of different Fusarium toxins frequently happens [33][34][35]. Fusarium toxins can be divided into three major groups.…”

Section: Fusarium Toxins-general Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Carry-Over of Mycotoxins in Products of Animal Origin with Special Regard to Its Implications for the European Food Safety Legislation

Völkel¹,

Schröer-Merker²,

Czerny

2011

FNS

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At present, carry-over research in mycotoxins experiences a change in focus. We reviewed the state-of-art knowledge regarding carry-over in aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, Fusarium toxins, patulin, ergot and citrinin. The common cooccurrence of mycotoxins demands for employment of multi-toxin analysis and poses a new challenge in reliable health hazard assessment. Synergies in adverse mycotoxin effects call for a revision of various guidance levels in feed. We found a lack of risk assessment regarding carry-over of rare mycotoxins and metabolites usually considered negligible

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Section: Fusarium Toxins-general Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both T-2 toxin and its co-occurring major metabolite HT-2 are trichothecenes. Even if T-2 and HT-2 show high variation in feedstuffs and food with regard to frequency and concentration [33,61,62], they pose a severe health risk to livestock and humans because of their high toxicity.…”

Section: T-2 Toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Carry-Over of Mycotoxins in Products of Animal Origin with Special Regard to Its Implications for the European Food Safety Legislation

Völkel¹,

Schröer-Merker²,

Czerny

2011

FNS

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“…Vomitoxin is a mold metabolite (1)(2)(3)(4) found in corn and cereal grains contaminated in the field by Fusariura graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph Gibberella zeae [Schw.] Petch) (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Mold infestation usually begins at the ear tip, often referred to as "pink ear rot."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of vomitoxin contamination of the 1980 white winter wheat crop in ontario, canada

Trenholm

Cochrane

Cohen

et al. 1981

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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During the summer of 1980, there was a great deal of rainfall and high humidity in southwestern Ontario. Sprouting of the kernels on plants in the field and pink discoloration down-graded the white winter wheat crop. Samples were submitted to Agriculture Canada from elevators and boats loading wheat for export. Chemical analyses indicated low levels of vomitoxin, with some analytical results as high as 8.5 ppm. A series of feeding trials was initiated with contaminated wheat (1.0 ppm vomitoxin) to determine effects on swine and poultry. Swine diets containing 0.3 and 0.7 ppm vomitoxin resulted in decreased feed consumption and weight gains. Poultry were fed similar levels of vomitoxin without any serious effects. Gross examination of internal organs at the termination of the subacute studies revealed no apparent toxic effects. Several farmers reported feed refusal, vomiting and death in their livestock. Chemical analyses, in general, revealed relatively low levels of vomitoxin. In one case, the level of vomitoxin (0.95 ppm) in the feed was high enough to he a possible contributing factor in the observed ill effects.

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“…Mycotoxins of the 8-ketotrichothecene and zearalenone (ZEN) groups are commonly found in cereal grains produced in the United States, Canada, and Japan (13,14,21,27,(30)(31)(32)(33). Two predominant chemotypes exist among the fusaria which elaborate 8-ketotrichothecenes: (i) nivalenol (NIV) and fusarenon (FX) producers and (ii) deoxynivalenol (DON) and 3or 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3or 15-ADON) producers (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of 8-ketotrichothecene and zearalenone analog structure to inhibition of mitogen-induced human lymphocyte blastogenesis

Forsell¹,

Pestka²

1985

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The 50% effective doses of fusarenon X, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol required to reduce [3H]thymidine uptake in mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes by 50% were 18, 72, 140, and 240 ng/mI, respectively. These results indicated that lymphotoxicity of 8-ketotrichothecenes decreased according to the C-4 substituent order acetyl > hydroxyl > hydrogen, whereas acetylation of position C-15 of deoxynivalenol caused a slight decrease in in vitro toxicity. The 50% effective doses for zearalenone, a-zearalenol, j-zearalenol, a-zearalanol, and O-zearalanol were 3,500, 6,300, 36,000, 3,750, and 33,000 ng/ml, respectively, suggesting that a keto group or a-hydroxyl at the position C-6' contributed to the lymphotoxicity of the parent molecule. The inhibitory effects of zearalenone analogs observed in the blastogenesis assay did not correlate with the estrogenic potencies of these compounds. All 8-ketotrichothecenes and zearalenone analogs tested were capable of inhibiting Band T-cell subsets stimulated by a mitogen panel of leukoagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen.

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Natural occurrence of Fusarium toxins in feedstuff

Cited by 211 publications

References 8 publications

The Carry-Over of Mycotoxins in Products of Animal Origin with Special Regard to Its Implications for the European Food Safety Legislation

The Carry-Over of Mycotoxins in Products of Animal Origin with Special Regard to Its Implications for the European Food Safety Legislation

Survey of vomitoxin contamination of the 1980 white winter wheat crop in ontario, canada

Relation of 8-ketotrichothecene and zearalenone analog structure to inhibition of mitogen-induced human lymphocyte blastogenesis

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