Natural (non-pathogenic) death of the cortex of wheat and barley seminal roots, as evidenced by nuclear staining with acridine orange

Henry, Christine; Deacon, J.W.

doi:10.1007/bf02374110

Cited by 101 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In three-week-old root segments of wheat, the majority of root cortical cells were anucleate, although the roots still appeared white and healthy (Holden 1975;Holden 1976). Holden's findings were later confirmed (Deacon and Henry 1978;Henry and Deacon 1981;Kirk and Deacon 1986) and the phenomenon was termed 'non-pathogenic root cortex death' (Deacon and Henry 1978) and more recently referred to as RCS (Robinson 1990;Liljeroth 1995;Schneider et al 2017a). …”

Section: Root Cortical Senescencementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Cytoplasmic and nuclear stains have demonstrated that cortical cells of seminal and nodal roots in several Poaceae species can senesce very early in plant growth, leaving the tips of the root axes and lateral roots to continue to grow (Holden 1975;Henry and Deacon 1981;Deacon and Lewis 1982;Deacon and Mitchell 1985;Schneider et al 2017a). RCS begins in outer cortical cell files, directly behind the zone of anucleate root hairs, and progresses inwards and basipetally resulting in anucleate cortical cells.…”

Section: Regulation Of Rcs Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RCS begins in outer cortical cell files, directly behind the zone of anucleate root hairs, and progresses inwards and basipetally resulting in anucleate cortical cells. Eventually nearly all cortical cell files in nodal and seminal roots from approximately two cm behind the root apex to approximately three cm from the root-shoot junction will become anucleate (Henry and Deacon 1981;Deacon and Lewis 1982;Kirk and Deacon 1986;Wenzel and McCully 1991;Schneider et al 2017a) (Figs. 1 and 2).…”

Section: Regulation Of Rcs Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of RCS is reduced or delayed in the axial root around the base of lateral roots, an effect that extends to approximately 800 μm around the base of each lateral and most pronounced on the side of the axis where the lateral emerges (Van Vuurde and Schippers 1980;Henry and Deacon 1981). However, the delayed RCS effect caused by lateral roots is temporary as with increasing distance behind the apex, the number of anucleate cell files around the base of lateral roots progressively increases (Henry and Deacon 1981). In addition, lateral roots themselves do not form RCS (Henry and Deacon 1981;Schneider et al 2017b).…”

Section: Regulation Of Rcs Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the delayed RCS effect caused by lateral roots is temporary as with increasing distance behind the apex, the number of anucleate cell files around the base of lateral roots progressively increases (Henry and Deacon 1981). In addition, lateral roots themselves do not form RCS (Henry and Deacon 1981;Schneider et al 2017b). RCS is complex and dependent on plant species, growth medium, and genetic and environmental cues (Liljeroth 1995;Schneider et al 2017a).…”

Section: Regulation Of Rcs Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional implications of root cortical senescence for soil resource capture

Schneider

Lynch

2017

Plant Soil

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Background Root phenes play a primary role in plant adaptation to edaphic stress. Understanding the functional implications of root phenotypes will enable the development of crop varieties with improved soil resource acquisition. Root cortical senescence (RCS) is a type of programmed cell death in cortical cells of several Poaceae species. Until recently there has been very little attention to the functional implications of RCS for water and nutrient capture. Scope We explore the functional implications of RCS as an adaptive trait for water and nutrient acquisition. The present review summarizes evidence from our own studies and other published work, and provides novel insights into the fitness landscape of RCS. Progress has recently been achieved in understanding the development and physiological implications of RCS. We propose that RCS is a useful trait for water and nutrient acquisition, particularly in edaphic stress conditions. Conclusions Further research is needed to understand the utility and tradeoffs of RCS in the context of specific environments, management practices, and phenotypic backgrounds. The utility of RCS for improved plant performance under edaphic stress merits investigation in the field. RCS may be a useful breeding target for improved soil resource capture in several major crop species including wheat, barley, and triticale.

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Section: Root Cortical Senescencementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Regulation Of Rcs Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation Of Rcs Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation Of Rcs Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regulation Of Rcs Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional implications of root cortical senescence for soil resource capture

Schneider

Lynch

2017

Plant Soil

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Early Senescence of Cortical Cells in the Roots of Cereals. How Good Is the Evidence?

Wenzel

McCully

1991

American J of Botany

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There are numerous reports that cortical cells senesce in young, otherwise healthy main roots of cereals, including com. These are based on apparent absence of nuclei in root segments or transverse sections after acridine-orange staining. Senescence is said to progress from the outer to the inner cortex basipetally from the root tip, except cells around branch bases where nuclei always stain. We studied axile roots of soil-grown cereals using various methods to detect nuclei primarily in longitudinal sections. No senescence marked by nuclear loss was found in healthylooking intact cortices. Cortical cells of mature com roots remained alive except where aerenchyma developed. No cortical death had occurred in barley, wheat, or oat seminal roots in 15-, 17-, and 20-day-old plants, respectively, but cortical cells in older regions of seminal and nodal roots did collapse and slough off, but with no evidence for earlier loss of nuclei. Failure to detect acridine-orange-stained nuclei may not indicate that cells are senescent, and can be an artifact caused by sectioning method and wall impermeability. The effectiveness of other methods for evaluation of root cell vitality is discussed.

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Phosphatverarmung des wurzelnahen Bodens und Phosphataufnahme von Mais und Raps

Hendriks

Claassen

Jungk

1981

J Plant Nutrition & Soil

115

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Zusammenfassung -SummaryAus der Verteilung des isotopisch austauschbaren Phosphats wurde mit Hilfe der Phosphatdesorptionskurve festgestellt, daR die Phosphatkonzentration der Bodenlosung im Wurzelhaarbereich von 0,8 auf 0,03mg P/1, d. h. auf 4 % des Ausgangswertes, absinkt.Aus der Zunahme der Phosphatverarmungszone mit der Zeit wurde die Phosphataufnahme einzelner Maiswurzelabschnitte fur verschiedene Zeitintervalle errechnet. Danach erfolgt die P-Aufnahme 3-5 Tage lang in annahernd maximaler Rate, obwohl die P-Konzentration der Bodenlosung an der Oberflache des Wurzelzylinders schon nach 2 Tagen weit abgesunken war. Die Phosphataufnahmerate pro cm Wurzellange geht erst zuriick, nachdem der Boden des gesamten Wurzelhaarzylinders ausgeschopft ist. Phosphate depletion at the soil -root interface and the phosphate uptake of maize and rapeMaize and rape plants were grown in flat containers in a 33P-labelled sandy soil and the distribution of soil phosphate near roots was determined by using densitometric scans of autoradiographs. The concentration of isotopically exchangeable phosphate at the root surface decreased within a few days by 42 per cent with rape and by 50-65 per cent with maize. Initially the width of the depletion zone is very small. Within six days the depletion zone extended to the final distance from the surface of the root cylinders of about 2mm for maize and 2.6mm for rape. The soil within the range of the mean length of root hairs (0.7 mm for maize and 1.3 mm for rape) is almost equally depleted. This indicates that root hairs are very important for P-uptake from soil. This is further supported by higher P-uptake rates per cm root length of rape than of maize.The P-concentration of the soil solution was estimated by means of the phosphate desorption curve. Within the root hair cylinder the P-concentration of the soil solution decreased from 0.8 to 0.03mg P/I. 486-499 (1981) Phosphatverarmung 487 Changes of the P-depletion profile with time were used to calculate P-uptake rates for roots of different age. The results indicate that for the first 3-5 days P-uptake rates remained near maximum, even though the P-concentration of the soil solution at the root surface had strongly decreased within two days. Phosphate uptake rates per cm root length did not decrease unless the whole root hair cylinder had been depleted.

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Natural (non-pathogenic) death of the cortex of wheat and barley seminal roots, as evidenced by nuclear staining with acridine orange

Cited by 101 publications

References 18 publications

Functional implications of root cortical senescence for soil resource capture

Functional implications of root cortical senescence for soil resource capture

Early Senescence of Cortical Cells in the Roots of Cereals. How Good Is the Evidence?

Phosphatverarmung des wurzelnahen Bodens und Phosphataufnahme von Mais und Raps

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