Natural language watermarking via morphosyntactic alterations

Meral, Hasan Mesut; Sankur, B.; Özsoy, A. Sumru; Güngör, Tunga; Sevinc, Emre

doi:10.1016/j.csl.2008.04.001

Cited by 76 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The direction of words (forward or backward) indicates the watermark bit either "1" or "0." However, the capacity of this technique is low, and its achievable capacity is almost one bit per sentence [36,51]. Kim (2008) suggested a syntactic text watermarking for the Korean language text documents.…”

Section: Linguistic (Natural Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this research, the authors attempted to increase the capacity and reduce the distortions against attacks in the watermarked text [35]. Meral et al (2009) proposed a morphosyntax-based NL technique which embeds a watermark (binary string) based on a syntax tree in the Turkish text documents. The algorithm embeds watermark bits under the control of WordNet (or dictionary) to prevent semantic drops (e.g., altering the meaning of the original text).…”

Section: Linguistic (Natural Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Comparative Analysis of Information Hiding Techniques for Copyright Protection of Text Documents

Ahvanooey

Shim

et al. 2018

Security and Communication Networks

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the ceaseless usage of web and other online services, it has turned out that copying, sharing, and transmitting digital media over the Internet are amazingly simple. Since the text is one of the main available data sources and most widely used digital media on the Internet, the significant part of websites, books, articles, daily papers, and so on is just the plain text. Therefore, copyrights protection of plain texts is still a remaining issue that must be improved in order to provide proof of ownership and obtain the desired accuracy. During the last decade, digital watermarking and steganography techniques have been used as alternatives to prevent tampering, distortion, and media forgery and also to protect both copyright and authentication. This paper presents a comparative analysis of information hiding techniques, especially on those ones which are focused on modifying the structure and content of digital texts. Herein, various text watermarking and text steganography techniques characteristics are highlighted along with their applications. In addition, various types of attacks are described and their effects are analyzed in order to highlight the advantages and weaknesses of current techniques. Finally, some guidelines and directions are suggested for future works.

show abstract

Section: Linguistic (Natural Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Linguistic (Natural Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Information Hiding Techniques for Copyright Protection of Text Documents

Ahvanooey

Shim

et al. 2018

Security and Communication Networks

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The limitation of this method arises where it could be applied only in agglutinative languages such as Korean and Turkish where text reordering may not defect the meaning. Meral et al (2009) proposed another method that embedded watermark bits via binary change on Wordnet and the dictionary of the syntax tree. This method claimed to avoid semantic drops.…”

Section: Content Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art in Techniques of Text Digital Watermarking: Challenges and Limitations

Al-Maweri¹,

Ali²,

Adnan³

et al. 2016

Journal of Computer Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Data protection from malicious attacks and misuse has become a crucial issue. Various types of data, including images, videos, audio and text documents, have given cause for the development of different methods for their protection. Cryptography, digital signatures and steganography are the most well known technologies used to protect data. During the last decade, digital watermarking technology has also been utilized as an alternative to prevent media forgery and tampering or falsification to ensure both copyright and authentication. Much work has been done to protect images, videos and audio but only a few algorithms have been considered for text document protection with digital watermarking. However, our survey observed that available text watermarking algorithms are neither robust nor imperceptible and as such remain unsecured methods of protection. Hence, research to improve the performance of text watermarking algorithms is required. This paper reviews current watermarking algorithms for text documents and categorizes text watermarking methods based on the way the text was treated during the watermarking process. It also discusses merits and demerits of available methods as well as recent proposed methods for evaluating text watermarking systems and the need for further research on digital text watermarking.

show abstract

“…Text watermarking aims at embedding additional information in the text itself with the goals of subliminal encoding of information, of content and authorship authentication, and finally of enriching the text with metadata [2]. These kinds of watermarking techniques have been explored extensively for multimedia documents in the last decade [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Language Watermarking Based on Syntactic Displacement and Morphological Division

Kim

Zaı̈ane

Goebel

2010

2010 IEEE 34th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Natural language watermarking via morphosyntactic alterations

Cited by 76 publications

References 14 publications

A Comparative Analysis of Information Hiding Techniques for Copyright Protection of Text Documents

A Comparative Analysis of Information Hiding Techniques for Copyright Protection of Text Documents

State-of-the-Art in Techniques of Text Digital Watermarking: Challenges and Limitations

Natural Language Watermarking Based on Syntactic Displacement and Morphological Division

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About