Natural incidence ofCladosporiumspp. as a bio‐control agent against whiteflies and aphids in Egypt

Abstract

Five species of entomopathogenic fungi were tested against whiteflies and aphids. Cladosporium spp. showed a high incidence on the two insect species tested (81% of the total isolated species). However, C. uridenicola was the predominant species isolated from both insect species during the two successive seasons of 1998 and 1999. Natural infection by Cladosporium ranged from 18.19 to 44. 38% and 16.4 to 45.27% in 1998 and 1999, respectively, according to insect species and the host plant. Statistical analysis revealed a high correlation (R ¼ 0.8759 ± 0.093) between the total investigated and total infected of each insect species during the two successive years of the study. The natural infection of Cladosporium to whitefly life stages was higher on whitefly nymphs (87.8%) than adults (8.08%) and eggs (4.15%) in 1998 and 1999. The results showed that the seasonal distribution of Cladosporium occurred all year around, but rates were higher during the period from June until November which coincided with the high populations of whiteflies and aphids. The weather had a significant effect on infection of insects and had no effect on other fungi species. The laboratory tests showed a higher pathogenicity of the candidate on Aphis gossypii, Aphis craccivora and Bemisia agrentifollii than other reported fungi.

Preliminary evaluation of Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) de Vries in laboratory conditions, as a potential candidate for biocontrol of Tetranychus urticae Koch

“…The entomogenous fungi Cladosporium spp. have been isolated from different insect (Abdel-Baky 2000;Abdel-Baky and Abdel-Salam 2003;Abdel-Baky et al 1998;Lagowska 1995;Pan et al 1989;Perea et al 2003;Rojas et al 1998;Thumar and Kapadia 1994) and mite (Cabrera et al 2005;Van der Geest et al 2002) hosts in nature in different regions of the world, including Turkey (Ulusoy and Ulgenturk 2003).…”

“…as one of the effective biological control agents against insects and mites in the world have been reviewed (Abdel-Baky 2000;Abdel-Baky and Abdel-Salam 2003;Abdel-Baky et al 1998;Cabrera et al 2005;Lagowska 1995;Pan et al 1989;Perea et al 2003;Rojas et al 1998;Thumar and Kapadia 1994;Van der Geest et al 2002). Cladosporium cladosporioides caused 20-57% natural mortality of Hemiberlesia pitysophila Takagi (Homoptera: Diaspididae) under field onditions and 38.9% mortality in laboratory tests (Pan et al 1989).…”

Formulation of the endophytic fungus Cladosporium oxysporum Berk. & M.A. Curtis, isolated from Euphorbia bupleuroides subsp. luteola, as a new biocontrol tool against the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.)

“…Saranya et al (2010) calculated an LC 50 of 7.4 × 10 5 conidia · ml -1 and an LT 50 of 5.24 days, corresponding to the application of the conidial suspension of 10 8 conidia · ml -1 derived from C. oxysporum against A. craccivora. In addition, Abdel-Baky and Abdel-Salam (2003) showed in a laboratory test, that maximum mortalities of A. gossypii (37.5%) and A. craccivora (38%) were recorded on the third day after treatment with conidial suspensions of Cladosporium spp. at a concentration of 10 6 conidia · ml -1 .…”

“…Furthermore, the use of conidial suspensions of Cladosporium is considered to be the most approved method by certain researchers, with regard to the proved entomo-infectious potentialities of this mycotaxon (Abdel-Baky and Abdel-Salam 2003;Saranya et al 2010). Even if the mortalities obtained by the application of the formulations containing the conidial suspensions of the bioprospected fungus were much less than those obtained by use of the filtrates, it always proves that invert emulsions were more effective.…”

Sydowia polyspora Dominates Fungal Communities Carried by Two Tomicus Species in Pine Plantations Threatened by Fusarium circinatum

“…Cladosposrium sp. has been also cited as a random phoretic fungus even though the entomopathogenic potencial of this genus has also been reported [83,84], giving two plausible explanations of its presence in spore suspension.…”