Natural Incidence of Aspergillus Mycoflora and Mycotoxins in Fresh and Ensiled Maize Fodder

Sultana, Nighat; Iftikhar, Shazia; Hanif, Nafeesa Qudsia; Tahira, Iffat

doi:10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.2.443.448

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, only 5% of the strains produced AFB 2 (del Palacio et al, 2016). In another study concomitantly performed in Pakistan (Sultana et al, 2017), A. niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. ochraceous, and A. terrus were identified in both fresh fodder and corn silage. Importantly, the authors also found AFB 1 in 37.5% of the fresh fodder and in 41.7% of the corn silage samples with average AFB 1 concentrations of 9.5 and 8.4 µg/kg, respectively, meanwhile AFB 2 was present in only two samples (1.2 and 1.3 µg/kg), and none of the analyzed samples was contaminated by AFG 1 or AFG 2 (Sultana et al, 2017).…”

Section: Fungal Activity and Aflatoxin Production In Silagementioning

confidence: 95%

Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock

et al. 2019

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Section: Fungal Activity and Aflatoxin Production In Silagementioning

confidence: 95%

Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock

et al. 2019

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“…In the study of Sultana, et al [ 75 ], samples of green maize fodder were ensiled anaerobically in a laboratory set-up with the addition of the bacteria Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum . Neither AFG1 nor AFG2 were detected in either fresh or ensiled samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OTA in this study a higher prevalence in fresh maize fodder (54.2%) as compared to the ensiled samples (20.9%). Not only did the prevalence of OTA decreased, but the mean concentration of the contaminated samples decreased from 8.03 µg/kg to 3.98 µg/kg [ 75 ]. The reduction in mycotoxins in ensiled samples can be caused by the bacterial activity in the silage, as some bacteria may bind or degrade mycotoxins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents

Hoffmans

Schaarschmidt

Fauhl-Hassek

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are naturally present in cereal-based feed materials; however, due to adverse effects on animal health, their presence in derived animal feed should be minimized. A systematic literature search was conducted to obtain an overview of all factors from harvest onwards influencing the presence and concentration of mycotoxins in cereal-based feeds. The feed production processes covered included the harvest time, post-harvest practices (drying, cleaning, storage), and processing (milling, mixing with mycotoxin binders, extrusion cooking, ensiling). Delayed harvest supports the production of multiple mycotoxins. The way feed materials are dried after harvest influences the concentration of mycotoxins therein. Applying fungicides on the feed materials after harvest as well as cleaning and sorting can lower the concentration of mycotoxins. During milling, mycotoxins might be redistributed in cereal feed materials and fractions thereof. It is important to know which parts of the cereals are used for feed production and whether or not mycotoxins predominantly accumulate in these fractions. For feed production, mostly the milling fractions with outer parts of cereals, such as bran and shorts, are used, in which mycotoxins concentrate during processing. Wet-milling of grains can lower the mycotoxin content in these parts of the grain. However, this is typically accompanied by translocation of mycotoxins to the liquid fractions, which might be added to by-products used as feed. Mycotoxin binders can be added during mixing of feed materials. Although binders do not remove mycotoxins from the feed, the mycotoxins become less bioavailable to the animal and, in the case of food-producing animals, to the consumer, lowering the adverse effects of mycotoxins. The effect of extruding cereal feed materials is dependent on several factors, but in principle, mycotoxin contents are decreased after extrusion cooking. The results on ensiling are not uniform; however, most of the data show that mycotoxin production is supported during ensiling when oxygen can enter this process. Overall, the results of the literature review suggest that factors preventing mycotoxin production have greater impact than factors lowering the mycotoxin contents already present in feed materials.

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“…Mycotoxins which are of greatest concern for dairy animals include aflatoxin, ochratoxin, Vomitoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, fumonisin and PR toxin (Sultana et al, 2013). Aflatoxin contamination in foods and animal feeds is of global concern due to their potential toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity and immunosuppressiveness (Lee and Rachmawat, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of Aflatoxin in Livestock Feed and Various Feed Ingredients in Pakistan

Tipu

2022

PJS

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Objective of current study was to determine aflatoxin B1 level in cotton see cake (CSL) rape seed cake (RSC), wheat bran (WB) and compound feed (CF) in 10 districts of Punjab, Pakistan namely Bahawalnagar, Bhakkar, Jhang, Kasur, Khanewal, Layyah, Multan, Muzaffargarh, Rahim Yar Khan and Rajanpur. For this purpose samples of CSC (n=375), RSC (n=100), WB (n=75), CF (n=100) were analyzed at Nutrition Division of Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki District Kasur. Different samples were extracted, filtered and further screened by using commercially available ELISA Romer kit. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance technique using SPSS software. Highest value of aflatoxin in CSC, RSC, WB and CF was found in districts; Bahawalnagar, Sialkot,Muzaffargarh and Bahawalnagar respectively, while its lowest value in CSC, RSC, WB and CF was found in Muzaffargarh, Multan, Bahawalnagar and Rahim Yar Khan, respectively. Highest infected samples were found in compound feed (21%) followed by cotton seed cake (11.93%), wheat bran (11.71%) and rape seed cake (11.11%) by percentage formula. Based upon the result of recent study toxin binders should be added in processed feed and storage condition of feed ingredients must be improved to minimize the risk of aflatoxicosis.

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Natural Incidence of Aspergillus Mycoflora and Mycotoxins in Fresh and Ensiled Maize Fodder

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock

Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock

Factors during Production of Cereal-Derived Feed That Influence Mycotoxin Contents

Trends of Aflatoxin in Livestock Feed and Various Feed Ingredients in Pakistan

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