The study investigated the performance response of different dietary protein and energy levels of Nili-Ravi buffalo calves. Sixty buffalo calves of 12-15 months of age and similar body weight (140 ± 14 kg) were divided in to 12 groups, five animals in each group, according to 4 × 3 factorial arrangements. Twelve rations were formulated containing four levels of crude protein (CP; 10.5%, 12.20%, 13.80%, and 15.55%) each with three levels (1.72, 2.11, and 2.5 Mcal/Kg) of metabolizable energy (ME). Experiment lasted for 100 days; first 10 days were given for dietary adaptation. Daily feed consumption in calves fed all experimental diets were statistically significant (p<0.05) across all treatments. Higher feed intake was observed in buffalo calves fed diets containing 12.20% and 13.85% CP with 2.11 Mcal/kg ME. Results of dry matter (DM) digestion were significantly different (p<0.05) across all treatments. There was a quadratic (p<0.05) response of DM digestibility for levels of dietary protein while, curvilinear (p<0.05) trend with respect to dietary energy levels. Daily weight gain of buffalo calves did not show any treatment effect. The outcome of the present study indicate that 12-15-month-old buffalo calves perform adequately well when fed on diets containing 12.2% CP and 2.10 ME Mcal/Kg.
Objective of current study was to determine aflatoxin B1 level in cotton see cake (CSL) rape seed cake (RSC), wheat bran (WB) and compound feed (CF) in 10 districts of Punjab, Pakistan namely Bahawalnagar, Bhakkar, Jhang, Kasur, Khanewal, Layyah, Multan, Muzaffargarh, Rahim Yar Khan and Rajanpur. For this purpose samples of CSC (n=375), RSC (n=100), WB (n=75), CF (n=100) were analyzed at Nutrition Division of Buffalo Research Institute, Pattoki District Kasur. Different samples were extracted, filtered and further screened by using commercially available ELISA Romer kit. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance technique using SPSS software. Highest value of aflatoxin in CSC, RSC, WB and CF was found in districts; Bahawalnagar, Sialkot,Muzaffargarh and Bahawalnagar respectively, while its lowest value in CSC, RSC, WB and CF was found in Muzaffargarh, Multan, Bahawalnagar and Rahim Yar Khan, respectively. Highest infected samples were found in compound feed (21%) followed by cotton seed cake (11.93%), wheat bran (11.71%) and rape seed cake (11.11%) by percentage formula. Based upon the result of recent study toxin binders should be added in processed feed and storage condition of feed ingredients must be improved to minimize the risk of aflatoxicosis.
Twenty Nili Ravi buffalo male calves of 11 to 12 months of age and weighing170- 190 kg were enrolled for this study in a completely randomized design (CRD) to inspect the varying level of crude protein (CP) on nutrient intake, weight gain and feed efficiency of male buffalo calves on total mixed ration (TMR) based ration. Four experimental rations A, B, C and D were formulated containing 10, 12, 14 and 16% CP respectively while all diets contained 2.4 Kcal/kg ME.The animals were individually fed ad libitum intakes and all standard managemental standards were observed. The dry mater intake(DMI) was higher(6.81kg) in buffalo calves fed TMR containing 12%CP (group B) followed by those fed TMR A(6.73 kg),TMR C(6.08 kg) and TMR D(5.62 kg) respectively. Daily weight gain was statistically significant(P<0.05) higher (0.93 kg) in animals fed TMR B having 12%CP followed by those fed TMR A(0.86 kg),TMR C(0.85 kg) and TMR D (0.84kg) respectively. Similarly feed efficiency (feed intake per unit gain) in animals fed TMR B(7.90 kg).TMR C(7.90 kg) and TMR D(7.91kg).The feed efficiency was significantly lower(P<0.05) as compared to group A which have significantly higher(P<0.05) feed efficiency (8.49).It is thus concluded that TMR of 12%CP had good results.
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