Natural Humoral Immune Competence and Survival in Layers

Star, L.; Frankena, K.; Kemp, B.; Nieuwland, M.G.B.; Parmentier, H.K.

doi:10.1093/ps/86.6.1090

Cited by 88 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In poultry, higher NAb titres to the complex antigen KLH were related with higher survival rates in poultry [5], [33]. Higher levels of anti-nuclear antibodies in sheep correlated with higher survival [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genetic and Phenotypic Selection Affect Natural (Auto-) Antibody Reactivity of Chickens

et al. 2013

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Specificity, antibody isotype distribution and levels of natural antibodies (NAb) may be potential informative parameters for immune mediated natural disease resistance, immune modulation, and maintenance of physiological homeostasis. A large proportion of mammalian NAb have affinity for or are directed against self-antigens; so called natural auto antibodies (N(A)Ab). In the present study we showed the presence and typed levels and isotypes (total immunoglobulins, IgG and IgM) of N(A)Ab in plasma binding the ‘auto-antigen’ complex chicken liver cell lysate (CLL) of one-year old chickens from different genotype and phenotype backgrounds by ELISA and quantitative Western blotting. Higher levels of N(A)Ab binding CLL were found in plasma from chickens genetically selected for high specific antibody responses. In all birds, extensive staining patterns of plasma antibodies binding CLL were found for all isotypes, with IgG binding the highest number of CLL antigens and also showing the highest variation in staining patterns between individuals. Patterns of IgM antibodies binding CLL appeared to be more similar in all lines. Significant differences of binding patterns of N(A)Ab (antigen fragments of CLL and staining intensity) were detected between the different chicken lines, and lines could be clustered on the basis of their auto-antibody profile. In addition, also individual differences within lines were found. The present results indicate that analysis of the levels and the N(A)Ab repertoire of poultry like in mammals could provide a new way of distinguishing differences of immune competence and immune maturation between individuals, and could provide tools to select birds for health traits, or optimize hygiene and husbandry procedures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Genetic and Phenotypic Selection Affect Natural (Auto-) Antibody Reactivity of Chickens

et al. 2013

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“…Thus, decreased cellular innate immunity may contribute directly and indirectly to a loss of individual fitness. On the other hand, levels of natural antibodies (NAb) (Parmentier et al 2004a) and complement as part of the humoral component of innate immunity increase with age, and higher levels of NAb have been related with decreased mortality in fish (Kachamakova et al 2006) and chickens (Star et al 2007). In both cases, however, the immune profile of aged individuals will be skewed compared to younger 'adult' individuals and care must be used when interpreting data from groups of mixed ages.…”

Section: A G I N G O F T H E I M M U N E S Y S T E Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of constraints and limitation in driving individual variation in immune response

2011

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Summary1. Life history theory predicts that immunity should be plastic and reflect environmental contexts. However, individual variation in immune investment may arise not just because of individual adjustment, but because of developmental, physiological, genetic or immunological constraints which lead to non-adaptive responses by limiting or eliminating flexibility in immune investment. Constraints can arise because organisms are single integrated units with interconnected and interacting components, in which physiological and genetic control mechanisms may limit or constrain immunity. We review some of the key underlying genetic and physiological factors that may constrain the occurrence and intensity of immune responses. 2. A major part of individual variability may rest on variation in genetic background. Geneticbased constraints can limit or influence immune responses, particularly through pleiotropy and epistatic interactions. In addition, genetic variation, an important driver of variation in antigen recognition and immune system polarization, can be constrained through linkage disequilibrium and genetic drift. Epigenetic changes can also constrain or limit immune responses in future generations based on individual experience. 3. The immune system itself can influence individual flexibility in immune investment. Throughout development individuals face tradeoffs within the immune system that favour the expression of one trait at the expense of another. Ontogenetic differences can cause juveniles and adults to produce entirely different immune responses to the same pathogen. T-helper 1 (Th1) ⁄ T-helper 1 (Th2) polarization during infection also imposes constraints upon an individual's immune responsiveness, with the consequence that hosts cannot simultaneously mount strong responses using both Th1 and Th2 cells. In addition, evidence suggests that flexibility in immune responses becomes constrained with age through accumulation of memory cells at the expense of naı¨ve cells, decreased function of cells involved in adaptive and innate immunity, and programming of HPA-immune interactions. 4. In summary, selection on a particular immune trait can have effects on other immune components or phenotypic characters, as revealed by artificial selection studies. In particular selection for increased investment in compartments of the immune system leads to decreased investment in other competing life history functions and ⁄ or marked changes in other immune components. The role of past experience, even the past experience of parents, may limit and constrain immune responses through influencing the ontogeny of immunity, as well as through epigenetic influences.

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“…On average 65 hens per line were tested for immunological parameters and 73 hens per line for feather condition score. Phenotypes for immune parameters were described in detail by Star et al [2]. Feather condition score was previously described by Uitdehaag et al [4].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acquired antibodies neutralize pathogens upon exposure of an individual and are part of the adaptive humoral immunity. NAbs and complement titers have been associated with survival in laying hens [2]. Identification of genes regulating these immunological parameters is of interest, as this information could be used to select for animals with superior immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Across-line SNP association study for (innate) immune and behavioral traits in laying hens

et al. 2011

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BackgroundAn association study between single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNP) and (innate and adaptive) immune parameters but also feather condition score on the back, rump and belly of laying hens was performed. The immune parameters measured in blood samples were natural and acquired antibody titers and complement activity. Feather condition score as a measure of feather damage was determined, this parameter is closely related to feather pecking behavior in hens housed in groups.The aim of the study was to detect associations between genetic markers and immune parameters and feather condition score across nine lines of laying hens, focusing on the feather peckers as well as on the victims of feather pecking.MethodsA novel approach based on across-line analysis and testing of the SNP-by-line interaction was performed.ResultsIn total 59 significant associations between SNP and immune traits were detected. Previously identified QTL were confirmed and new associations of genes regulating immune function identified. The IL17A gene (chromosome 3) influences natural and acquired antibody titers and activation of classical and alternative complement pathways. The major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 16 showed significant association with natural and acquired antibody titers and classical complement activity. The IL12B and IRF1 genes on chromosome 13 were associated with natural antibody titers.The direct effect of the genotype of an individual on its feather condition and the associative effect of the genotype of the cage mates on the individual’s feather condition were analyzed. The direct genetic effect can be described as the susceptibility to be pecked at, and the associative genetic effect as the propensity to perform feather pecking. Eleven significant associations were detected for the direct effect, and 81 for the associative effect. The serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) on chromosome 4 was highlighted in both analyses.ConclusionsOur results confirmed previously identified QTL and identified new associations of genes regulating immune function. The results for feather condition score supports existing evidence of involvement of the serotonergic system in feather pecking in laying hens. Immune regulatory genes were found to be associated to feather condition score, revealing relationships between the immune system and behavior.

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Natural Humoral Immune Competence and Survival in Layers

Cited by 88 publications

References 26 publications

Genetic and Phenotypic Selection Affect Natural (Auto-) Antibody Reactivity of Chickens

Genetic and Phenotypic Selection Affect Natural (Auto-) Antibody Reactivity of Chickens

The role of constraints and limitation in driving individual variation in immune response

Across-line SNP association study for (innate) immune and behavioral traits in laying hens

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