Natural History of Human Immunodefiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Children: A Five-Year Prospective Study in Rwanda

Spira, Rosemary; Lepage, Philippe; Msellati, Philippe; Perre, Philippe Van de; Leroy, Valériane; Simonon, Arlette; Karita, Etienne; Dabis, François

doi:10.1542/peds.104.5.e56

Cited by 212 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Spira et al also stated that cough was not related to HIV. 20 In the present study, 7.4% seropositive children had pneumonia. Pol et al observed 12.68% seropositive children with pneumonia, which is comparable with our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Incidence of HIV, its predictors and risk factors in children

Goyal

Agrawal

Thapar

et al. 2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Children mostly acquire HIV (Human immunodeficiency syndrome) infection from their parents. There is need to know the HIV status of their parents, associated risk factors and predictors so as to make effective strategies to prevent this disease and save the coming/future generation from this deadly disease. The objective of the study was to know incidence of HIV, its predictors and risk factors in children. Study Setting: This is a Hospital based observation study conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar.Methods: In this study, all patients admitted to Pediatrics department, irrespective of presenting complaints were evaluated for presence of any of risk factors/predictors as mentioned in Proforma and those children having any of risk factors/predictors were selected, consent was taken and undergone detailed clinical evaluation and investigations for HIV.Results: Incidence of HIV in all patients admitted to children ward was 1.21% (27/2227) and children who had one or more risk factor or predictor was 6.58% (27/410). Weight loss, Failure to thrive (44.44%), Diarrhoea (37.03%), Fever (70.37%), Oral Candidiasis (22.2%), Pulmonary Tuberculosis (11.11%) and Generalized Lymphadenopathy (18.51%) were significant predictors in present study. High risk behaviour of parents (37.30%) and mother's HIV positivity (62.92%) were significant high risk factors, however needle prick (18.5%) was also equally significant in present study.Conclusions: Children brought with various signs and symptoms of HIV or born to high risk behaviour practicing parents and/or HIV positive mother, physician must get their patients tested for HIV (as per NACO Guidelines) so that infected children diagnosed early and referred to a specialized centre for treatment and follow up.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Incidence of HIV, its predictors and risk factors in children

Goyal

Agrawal

Thapar

et al. 2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, programmes to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission should use all the opportunities to link infants born to HIV-infected mothers to early treatment of HIV infection to reduce HIV related complications. 3 It is important to note that 67 (66%) admissions were not on ARV therapy at the time of admission. Hospital admissions provide the opportunity for CD4 count and treatment initiation for those patients with the appropriate indications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Challenges to optimal care and treatment in subSaharan Africa include limited resources, staff, and laboratory support. 3 The human professional capacity for delivering HIV/ AIDS care is constrained across much of sub-Saharan Africa, where per capita numbers of physicians and nurses are only 1% to 2% of those of the United States. 4 Unlike adults, children often experience a rapid progression of HIV disease soon after infection because of their immature immune system and persistently high level of plasma virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome of Hospital Admissions in HIV-infected Children at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana

Kwara¹,

Shah²,

Renner³

2011

West African Journal of Medicine

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“…7 Furthermore, approximately 35−45% of HIV-1-infected children are estimated to die within the first 24 months of life. 8,9 While public perception assumes that children in this area are prone to malnutrition, no data have been available to support this, or to make comparisons with other populations. As part of a large, randomized, controlled intervention study of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs), we monitored all-cause morbidity and standard parameters of malnutrition in a series of cross-sectional surveys involving a random selection of pre-school children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Severity of Malnutrition in Pre-School Children in a Rural Area of Western Kenya

Kwena¹,

Terlouw²,

Vlas³

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We determined the nutritional status of children less than five years of age in an area in rural western Kenya with intense malaria transmission, a high prevalence of severe anemia and human immunodeficiency virus, and high infant and under-five mortality (176/1,000 and 259/1,000). No information is available on the prevalence of malnutrition in this area. Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted between 1996 and 1998 to monitor the effect of insecticide-treated bed nets on child morbidity. Anthropometric indices are presented for 2,103 children collected prior to and during intervention (controls only). The prevalence of stunting (Z-scores for height-for-age [HAZ] <−2), wasting (Z-scores for weight-for-height [WHZ] <−2) and being underweight (Z-scores for weight-for-age [WAZ] <−2) was 30%, 4%, and 20%, respectively. This was severe (Z-score <−3) in 12% (stunting), 1% (wasting), and 5% (underweight) of the children. Few children less than three months of age were malnourished (<2%), but height-for-age and weight-forage deficits increased rapidly in children 3−18 months of age, and were greatest in children 18−23 months old (44% stunted and 34% underweight). While the mean HAZ and WAZ stabilized from 24 months of age onwards, they still remained substantially below the reference median with no evidence of catch-up growth. Malnutrition is likely to interact with infectious diseases, placing children 3−24 months of age at high risk of premature death in this area.

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Natural History of Human Immunodefiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Children: A Five-Year Prospective Study in Rwanda

Cited by 212 publications

References 35 publications

Incidence of HIV, its predictors and risk factors in children

Incidence of HIV, its predictors and risk factors in children

Outcome of Hospital Admissions in HIV-infected Children at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana

Prevalence and Severity of Malnutrition in Pre-School Children in a Rural Area of Western Kenya

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