Natural Fibre Composites and Their Applications: A Review

Peças, Paulo; Carvalho, Helena; Salman, H.M.; Leite, Marco

doi:10.3390/jcs2040066

Cited by 507 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…novel and progressive solutions mainly due to new products or processes, especially materials made of e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, are emerging [106]. Selected examples, among others, for innovative or reinvented products and applications are cross-laminated timber products in wooden multi story buildings [107,108], shaped wood in cars [109,110], admixture in concrete [111,112], biocomposites such as wood-plastic composites (WPC) or natural fibre reinforced composites [113,114] or Nanocellulose (NC) [115]. In the future, lignin could also be employed to produce for example fine chemicals, bioplastics [106] or glues [116,117].…”

Section: Sustainability Conflicts Of the Wood-based Bioeconomymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Path Transition Towards a Bioeconomy—The Crucial Role of Sustainability

2019

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The bioeconomy is a worldwide used strategy to cope with ecological, social, and economic sustainability challenges. However, we analyze current bioeconomy strategies and trends to point out potential sustainability conflicts and transition challenges. Our analysis shows that the bioeconomy is not sustainable per se, as mere input substitution may entail welfare losses. Instead, it requires further debates and actions to avoid exacerbation of ecological and social strains. Sustainability has to be the key concept behind the bioeconomy and predominantly requires (1) sustainability of the resource base and (2) sustainability of processes and products, especially by (3) circular processes of material fluxes, not least to gain consumer acceptance for bio-based products. Otherwise, the bioeconomy would only entail the substitution of fossil resources for bio-based resources potentially lacking the generation of additional societal and ecological benefits and contribution to climate mitigation. As markets alone will not suffice to fulfil this path transition towards a sustainable bioeconomy, we argue that innovative governance is necessary to reduce competitive drawbacks compared to fossil resources (enabling function) and to secure ecological, social, and economic sustainability requirements (limiting function).

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Section: Sustainability Conflicts Of the Wood-based Bioeconomymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Path Transition Towards a Bioeconomy—The Crucial Role of Sustainability

2019

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“…The most interesting fibers for composite reinforcements and most commonly accepted fibers by the industry [11] are from plants, in particular bast, leaf, and wood fibers. The fibers are basically a rigid, crystalline cellulose microfibril-reinforced amorphous lignin and/or hemicelluloses matrix.…”

Section: Of 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Additives in Food Packaging Polymeric Materials

Munteanu

Vasile

2019

Polymers

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Plants are the most abundant bioresources, providing valuable materials that can be used as additives in polymeric materials, such as lignocellulosic fibers, nano-cellulose, or lignin, as well as plant extracts containing bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds used in the healthcare, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries. The incorporation of additives into polymeric materials improves their properties to make them suitable for multiple applications. Efforts are made to incorporate into the raw polymers various natural biobased and biodegradable additives with a low environmental fingerprint, such as by-products, biomass, plant extracts, etc. In this review we will illustrate in the first part recent examples of lignocellulosic materials, lignin, and nano-cellulose as reinforcements or fillers in various polymer matrices and in the second part various applications of plant extracts as active ingredients in food packaging materials based on polysaccharide matrices (chitosan/starch/alginate).In this review various recent applications of plant-based additives (lignocellulosic fibers/nano-cellulose as well as bioactive plant extracts) as reinforcements and active ingredients in food packaging materials are illustrated. Natural polysaccharide biopolymers (such as chitosan/starch/alginate) are nontoxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, and largely used in food packaging: Chitosan is known for its broad antimicrobial activity and its excellent film-forming properties; alginates have good film-forming properties, retain moisture, reduce microbial counts, and retard oxidative off-flavors; and starch is also particularly important for its cheap price and its frequency in nature. For these reasons, this review will present applications of plant extracts as active ingredients in natural polysaccharide biopolymers: chitosan/starch/alginate. Classification of Natural Biodegradable Polymers and AdditivesNatural biodegradable polymers and additives are polymers formed naturally by the living organisms by enzyme-catalyzed reactions and reactions of chain growth from monomers which are formed inside the cells by complex metabolic processes [5].Natural additives can be high molecular weight (natural polymers), such as proteins (collagen, silk, and keratin), carbohydrates (starch and glycogen), lignin, cellulose, high molecular weight phenolics (tannins and derivatives), and low molecular weight active substances, such as cold-pressed oils, essential oils (organic volatile compounds, generally of low molecular weight,

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“…According to research by (Sherman et al 2015), the plastic pollution in the ocean already reached a very high level of concentration which is about 580,000 pieces per km 2 . Thus, bio-based or cellulose-based composites have been growth and become popular in the market because these products are environmentally friendly and it can reduce the rate of pollution globally (Peças et al 2018). Another reason that bio-composites are highly recommended in the current market is due to its bio-degradable properties and can be recycled (Kumar et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of empty fruit bunches microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) composites

Izzati

John

Fazita

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Nowadays, awareness of the environment is rising among society. Thus, more researches on the utilization of biodegradable polymer as an alternative to non-biodegradable polymers have been published. Among various biopolymers, Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) have received a lot of attention because they can be processed using most of the conventional polymer processing methods. PLA is high in strength and modulus, but it is brittle while PBAT is flexible and tough. Thus, PBAT is a good candidate for the toughing of PLA. But when the PLA is blending with PBAT, a certain strength of PLA may be affected. Hence, the reinforcement material is required to improve weakened strength. In this study, PLA was blended with PBAT at various ratios (PLA: PBAT=90: 10, 80: 20, 70: 30) with a melt-blending method. The PLA/PBAT blends at a blend ratio of 80: 20, exhibited optimum mechanical performance. Then, PLA/PBAT blends at a blend ratio of 80: 20 was reinforced with different content of EFB-MCC (1 wt%, 3 wt% and 5 wt%) using an internal mixer. The PLA/PBAT blends reinforced with EFB-MCC composites were produced using the compression moulding method. The mechanical, thermal and morphology properties of the composites were investigated. The impact strength of PLA/PBAT blend after addition of both C-MCC and EFB-MCC up to 5 wt% was reduced. The morphological observations from SEM proved the occurrence of the MCC agglomeration in PLA/PBAT blend. DSC results showed trivial changes between the Tg and Tm of PLA/PBAT blend with PLA/PBAT blend reinforced with both types of MCC. TGA results demonstrated that the PLA/PBAT blend reinforced with EFB-MCC has better thermal stability compared to C-MCC. However, further research is needed to improve the interfacial properties of the immiscible PLA/PBAT by compatibilization and enhance the properties of the MCC reinforced PLA/PBAT blend composites.

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Natural Fibre Composites and Their Applications: A Review

Cited by 507 publications

References 78 publications

A Path Transition Towards a Bioeconomy—The Crucial Role of Sustainability

A Path Transition Towards a Bioeconomy—The Crucial Role of Sustainability

Vegetable Additives in Food Packaging Polymeric Materials

Effect of empty fruit bunches microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) composites

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