Natural Disaster, Mitigation and Sustainability: The Case of Developing Countries

Tropical cyclone perceptions, impacts and adaptation in the Southwest Pacific: an urban perspective from Fiji, Vanuatu and Tonga

“…The impacts associated with natural disasters are more severe in developing nations compared to developed nations (Alexander, 1993), exacerbated by rapid urbanisation and the economic characteristics of the nation (El-Masri and Tipple, 2002). The survey results highlighted a significant awareness amongst the FVT population of what to do in the face of a TC, the steps that must be followed to become disasterready and how to prioritise each task (see Sect.…”

“…However, technical guidelines in the document are costly and inaccessible to many. More costeffective technical considerations for building structures in TC-prone areas are outlined by El-Masri and Tipple (2002). In a post-disaster assessment after TC Evan in 2012, many residents stated they would like to use disaster-resilient materials to rebuild their homes; however a lack of financial support prevented this from happening (GOF, 2013).…”

“…El-Masri and Tipple (2002) discuss how such methods should be multidisciplinary and based on a range of engineering, land management and social and economic improvements. One such measure relevant to this study includes the use of community participation.…”

Reading Vulnerabilities Through Urban Planning History: An Earthquake-Prone City, Adapazarı Case From Turkey

“…(UN/ISDR-United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, 2005, 6) Leading on from the internationally accepted criteria of Hyogo Declaration and the integrated social and physical explanation, factors affecting urban vulnerability are classified into two main groups, namely socio-economic factors and physical factors to clarify the major points addressed in the case study. Recent literature emphasizes socio-economic factors of vulnerability as urban population growth (Bolin and Stanford, 1998;Quarantelli, 2003;Smith and Petley, 2009;Aubrecht et al, 2013), and inadequacy of institutional arrangements (Bolin and Stanford, 1998;Smith and (Quarantelli, 2003;Balamir, 2007), growth of informal settlements (Bolin and Stanford, 1998;Quarantelli, 2003;Brauch, 2003;Smith andPetley, 2009), andunplanned urbanization (Albala-Bertnard, 1993;Bolin and Stanford, 1998;El-Masri and Tipple, 2002;Delica-Willison and Willison, 2004;Balamir, 2007;Smith and Petley, 2009) as the source of vulnerability.…”

Disaster and poverty : the differential impacts of disaster on the poor in the Gulf Coast region.

“…Poverty is associated with low income, unemployment, few material possession, limited education, health problems, and insecurity of tenure, undernourishment, poor access to social and health services as well as poor access to insurance, loans and credits (El-Masri & Tipple, 2002). In addition, differential treatment towards the poor would be measured by the speed of response, adequacy of response, and support in returning homes.…”