Natural Cross Pollination in California Commercial Tomato Fields

Groenewegen, C.A.M.; King, Gregory; George, B. F.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.29.9.1088

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The tomato is >99% naturally self-pollinated (Groenewegen et al, 1994). The flower of most commercial cultivars has a short style that places the stigma well within the anther tube, assuring self-pollination and virtually eliminating the opportunity for outcrossing (Rick, 1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assisting Natural Wind Pollination of Field Tomatoes with an Air Blower Enhances Yield

Hanna¹

1999

HortSci

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Studies were conducted in 1994, 1995, and 1997 to determine the effect of assisting natural wind pollination using an air blower on yield and fruit characteristics of three tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars. Tomato plants and flowers in the air blower–assisted treatment were vigorously vibrated at midday every other day on sunny days for 4 weeks. Plants and flowers in the control treatment were exposed to ambient wind only. Early yield was significantly greater in the treated plants in 2 years, marketable and total yields for all tested cultivars were significantly greater in all years, and yields of culls were significantly lower in 2 years. Fruit weight and diameter and number of seeds per fruit were increased in all years.

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confidence: 99%

Assisting Natural Wind Pollination of Field Tomatoes with an Air Blower Enhances Yield

Hanna¹

1999

HortSci

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“…Year-to-year variation may be significant as shown by Richardson and Alvarez (1957) who observed 0.3% and 1.9% outcrossing in 2 years at the Chapingo Research Station in Mexico using a potato-leaf cultivar with the fitting name Hoja de Papa. Groenewegen, King, and George (1994) observed no significant differences between years, locations, and the dis-…”

Section: Effect Of the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Year‐to‐year variation may be significant as shown by Richardson and Alvarez () who observed 0.3% and 1.9% outcrossing in 2 years at the Chapingo Research Station in Mexico using a potato‐leaf cultivar with the fitting name Hoja de Papa. Groenewegen, King, and George () observed no significant differences between years, locations, and the distance to other crops. Outcrossing rates ranged from 0.0007% to 0.41% in commercial tomato fields in California where 18 m x 18 m blocks were established in 3 years in two fields.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Spontaneous outcrossing in tomato depends on cultivar and environment and varies between individual flowers

Horneburg

Becker

2018

Plant Breeding

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Knowledge about the degree of spontaneous outcrossing of diverse genotypes is essential for breeding programmes, maintenance breeding, and seed production. For tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), very limited scientific evidence for genotypic differences is available and evidence from Europe is scarce. To close this knowledge gap, six cultivars were investigated in three Central European locations as part of the Organic Outdoor Tomato Project. To determine outcrossing rates, the monogenetic “cut‐leaf” trait, which is dominant over the “potato‐leaf” trait, was used as morphological marker. The observed range of outcrossing was 0.0%–5.2%. Outcrossing was significantly influenced by cultivar and environment. The outcrossing rate of individual flowers varied within cultivars ranging from 0% to 37%. The potential of newly opened flowers to accept foreign pollen varied largely with the cultivar. Genotypic differences could partly be linked to flower morphology traits. The potential for recombination between tomato genotypes is generally very low but can be a source for new variation in on‐farm management.

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“…Penelitian Gumelar et al (2014) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat genotipe lokal tomat yang tahan dan rentan terhadap serangan layu bakteri. Adapun Groenewegen et al (1994) dan Reevesii (1973) menggunakan warna hipokotil untuk menentukan tingkat penyerbukan silang alami pada tomat. Kim et al (2012) melaporkan bahwa warna hipokotil hijau berhubungan dengan karakter penting seperti GMS (Genetic Male Sterility) dan resistensi terhadap bacterial wilt , ToMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus) dan FCRR (Fusarium Crown and Root Rot), sehingga warna hipokotil digunakan sebagai marka morfologi pada galur elit.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Pewarisan Karakter Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif pada Hipokotil dan Kotiledon Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Silangan IPB T64 x IPB T3

Mustafa¹,

Syukur²,

Sutjahjo³

et al. 2017

J Hort Indonesia

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ABSTRACT Hypocotyl and cotyledon are potentially used as effective morphological markers since they can be detected earlier. Information on inheritance of tomato hypocotyl and cotyledon was not available. The aims of this research was to study the inheritance of qualitative and quantitative characters of tomato hypocotyl and cotyledon. This research used six population, P1 green hypocotyl (IPB T64), P2 purple hypocotyl (IPB T3), F1, F1R, BCP1, BCP2, and F2. Analysis of qualitative characters used Mendelian and gene action of quantitative characters used joint scaling test. The results of Mendelian indicated that the character of hypocotyl color was controlled by two genes of dominant-recessive epistasis. The gene controlling purple color was dominant to the green color gene. Based on the F2 distribution test, hypocotyl length, cotyledon length and width were controlled by polygenes. There was no influence of maternal effect. The results of the joint scaling test showed gene action of hypocotyl length was controlled by additive gene with influence of additive-dominant epistasis. Length and width of the cotyledon were controlled by additive gene and influence of duplicate epistasis effect. All characters had high level of broad sense heritability and medium level of narrow sense heritability. Keywords: cotyledone, gene action, heritability, hypocotyle, morphology marker.ABSTRAK Hipokotil dan kotiledon berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai marka morfologi yang efektif karena dapat dideteksi lebih dini. Informasi pola pewarisan karakter hipokotil dan kotiledon tomat belum banyak tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pola pewarisan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif dari hipokotil dan kotiledon tomat sebagai marka morfologi pada tahap awal pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan enam set populasi yaitu P1 hipokotil hijau (IPB T64), P2 hipokoti ungu (IPB T3), F1, F1R, BCP1, BCP2, dan F2. Karakter kualitatif menggunakan analisis Mendel dan pendugaan aksi gen karakter kuantitatif menggunakan analisis skala gabungan. Hasil analisis Mendel menunjukkan bahwa karakter warna hipokotil dikendalikan oleh dua pasang gen epistasis dominan-resesif. Gen pengendali warna ungu bersifat dominan terhadap warna hijau pada hipokotil tomat. Panjang hipokotil, panjang dan lebar kotiledon dikendalikan oleh banyak gen dan tidak ada pengaruh tetua betina berdasarkan uji sebaran populai F2. Hasil analisis skala gabungan menunjukkan bahwa aksi gen karakter panjang hipokotil dikendalikan oleh gen aditif dengan pengaruh epistasis aditif dominan, panjang dan lebar kotiledon dikendalikan oleh gen dominan dengan pengaruh epistasis duplikat. Semua karakter yang diamati memiliki nilai heritabilitas arti luas dalam tingkatan yang tinggi, sedangkan heritabilitas arti sempit dalam tingkatan yang sedang. Kata kunci: aksi gen, heritabilitas, hipikotil, kotiledon, marka morfologi.

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Natural Cross Pollination in California Commercial Tomato Fields

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Assisting Natural Wind Pollination of Field Tomatoes with an Air Blower Enhances Yield

Assisting Natural Wind Pollination of Field Tomatoes with an Air Blower Enhances Yield

Spontaneous outcrossing in tomato depends on cultivar and environment and varies between individual flowers

Pewarisan Karakter Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif pada Hipokotil dan Kotiledon Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Silangan IPB T64 x IPB T3

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