An association between urate gout and chondrocalcinosis has been suggested in several studies, but the situation remains ill-defined because of lack of appropriate controls, small numbers of patients studied, or retrospective investigation. An association has also been claimed between gout and avascular necrosis of the femoral head. 138 patients with gout and 142 non-gouty control subjects were carefully matched for age and x-rays were taken of the knees and pelvis. Chondrocalcinosis of the knees was detected in 8 patients with gout (5.8 %), no cases being found in the control group. The difference is significant (P<0 '025). Deposits were linear or irregular. Six of the 8 patients gave a history of acute synovitis of the knees; fluid had been aspirated in 2 of them, urate crystals being found in one and no crystals in the other. Six of the 8 patients showed evidence of chondrocalcinosis elsewhere. No association was apparent between chondrocalcinosis and the presence of tophaceous deposits or renal impairment, though the duration of gout appeared to be longer in the patients with chondrocalcinosis than in the other gout patients and osteoarthrosis of the knees commoner. There was no evidence of other metabolic disorders commonly associated with chondrocalcinosis. No cases of avascular necrosis of the femoral head were found.Despite considerable research into chondrocalcinosis in recent years its pathogenesis remains obscure. An association has been reported with various metabolic disorders such as hyperparathyroidism (McCarty, 1972), haemochromatosis (Dymock et al., 1970, and gout (Dodds and Steinbach, 1966). The association between gout and chondrocalcinosis remains ill defined because of the lack of appropriate controls, small numbers of patients, or retrospective study (Dodds and Steinbach, 1966;Good and Rapp, 1967).In studying 65 patients with 'idiopathic' avascular necrosis of femoral heads McCollum et al. (1967) found 13 patients with gout, urate crystals being demonstrated in synovial membrane from the hip in 6 of them. Serre et al. (1963) studied hips in 150 patients with gout and found 3 with non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. In contrast Rotes Querol and Muno Gomez (1965) found no cases of avascular necrosis in 370 patients with gout.