Natural Carbon By‐Products for Transparent Heaters: The Case of Steam‐Cracker Tar

Morris, Owen P.; Zang, Xining; Gregg, Aoife; Keller, Brent D.; Getachew, Bezawit A.; Ingersoll, Samuel; Elsen, Heather A; Disko, M. M.; Ferralis, Nicola; Grossman, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1002/adma.201900331

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Aromatic content evolution and dehydrogenation of tar during laser ablation can be analyzed by optical absorption spectra (Fig. 4, B to D) (7,20), which reveals an aromatic/aliphatic ratio increases from ~0.35 to ~0.55 and an H:C ratio decrease from ~1.20 to ~0.95 ( Fig. 4D) (20).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The broad distribution of energy levels and the lack of effective long-range, extended C═C conjugation leads to poor electrical conductivity in HHs (6), which can be compensated by bulk annealing to increase conductivity by orders of magnitude through graphitization (3). In a traditional quartz tube, annealing temperatures (~1300 K) limit the formation of highly dehydrogenated and crystallized carbon materials such as carbon fibers, graphite, and diamond (7). Low heating rates limit the exploration of fast pyrolysis of PAHs at different heating rates, which could provide different structures and properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser-engineered heavy hydrocarbons: Old materials with new opportunities

et al. 2020

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Polycyclic heavy hydrocarbons (HHs) such as coal, tar, and pitch are a family of materials with extremely rich and complex chemistry, representing a massive opportunity for their use in a range of potential applications. The present work shows that optimal selection of initial HHs based on molecular constituents is essential in tuning the material for a particular and targeted electronic application. Combining the selection of feedstock chemistry (H:C and aromatic content) and controlling variable laser treatment parameters (laser power, speed, and focus) lead to full control over the H:C ratio, sp2 concentration, and degree of graphitic stacking order of the products. The broad intertunability of these factors results from a wide distribution of carbon material crystallinity from amorphous to highly graphitic and a broad distribution of electrical conductivity up to 103 S/m.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-engineered heavy hydrocarbons: Old materials with new opportunities

et al. 2020

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“…[ 61 ] Regarding graphene and its derivatives, exfoliation of graphite, or chemical reduction of GO were reported. Recently, unusual and interesting approaches based on the use of carbon nanosheets from the carbonization of polymers or from natural carbonaceous by‐products of ethylene production were published by Souri et al [ 142 ] and by Morris et al, [ 143 ] respectively.…”

Section: The Investigated Materials Technologies For Transparent Heatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 21 ] Carbon‐based materials are mainly represented by carbon nanotubes and graphene, which have already been integrated in TH devices by several research teams (see Section 4.2). [ 27,61,143 ] Lately there has been a clear interest in metallic‐based THs (as reported in Section 4.3). MNW random networks have been well investigated these past years, in particular AgNW [ 20,39 ] and to a lesser extent CuNW.…”

Section: The Investigated Materials Technologies For Transparent Heatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Heaters: A Review

Papanastasiou

Schultheiss

Muñoz‐Rojas

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

164

186

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Transparent heaters (TH) have attracted intense attention from both scientific and industrial sectors due to the key role they play in many technologies, including smart windows, deicers, defoggers, displays, actuators, and sensors. While transparent conductive oxides have dominated the field for the past five decades, a new generation of THs based on nanomaterials has led to new paradigms in terms of applications and prospects in the past years. Here, the most recent developments and strategies to improve the properties, stability, and integration of these new THs are reviewed.

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“…Infrared (IR) thermography has been reported in the literature as an efficient tool to assess the uniformity of TFHs made of AgNW networks or other types of transparent conductors. [ 129–132 ] This technique allow for the in situ, spatial measurement of Joule heating‐induced thermal response of random MNW networks under electrical bias. As already discussed in preceding sections, in contrast to transparent oxide counterparts such as ITO or fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO), randomly oriented MNW networks are discontinuous and may suffer from aggregates or non‐uniformities, which can create hotspots that accelerate degradation.…”

Section: Measurement Tools To Characterize Degradation and Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

et al. 2020

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Metal nanowire (MNW)‐based transparent electrode technologies have significantly matured over the last decade to become a prominent low‐cost alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO). Beyond reaching the same level of performance as ITO, MNW networks offer additional advantages including flexibility and low materials cost. To facilitate adoption of MNW networks as a replacement to ITO, they must overcome their inherent stability issues while maintaining their properties and cost‐effectiveness. Herein, the fundamental failure mechanisms of MNW networks are discussed in detail. Recent strategies to computationally model MNWs from the nano‐ to macroscale and suggest future work to capture dynamic failure to unravel mechanisms that account for convolution of the failure modes are highlighted. Strategies to characterize MNW network failure in situ and postmortem are also discussed. In addition, recent work about improving the stability of MNW networks via encapsulation is discussed. Lastly, a perspective is given on how to frame the requirements of MNW‐encapsulant hybrids with reference to their target applications, namely: solar cells, transparent film heaters, sensors, and displays. A cost analysis to comment on the feasibility of implementing MNW hybrids is provided, and critical areas to focus on for future work on MNW networks are suggested.

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Natural Carbon By‐Products for Transparent Heaters: The Case of Steam‐Cracker Tar

Abstract: Natural carbons, such as coal and petroleum feedstocks, or the undesirable by-products of subsequent chemical processing of these feedstocks, such as tars, comprise a huge chemical phase space incorporating a wide range of chemical, optical, and

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Laser-engineered heavy hydrocarbons: Old materials with new opportunities

Laser-engineered heavy hydrocarbons: Old materials with new opportunities

Transparent Heaters: A Review

Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

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