Laser-engineered heavy hydrocarbons: Old materials with new opportunities

Zang, Xining; Jian, Cuiying; Ingersoll, Samuel; Li, Huashan; Adams, Jeramie J.; Lu, Zhengmao; Ferralis, Nicola; Grossman, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz5231

Cited by 41 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…46 Zang et al showed a laser annealing process to carbonize tar thin films and printed a joule heater (Figures 2F-2H). 14,39 The H:C ratio and sp 2 aromatic content of films at various levels of annealing can be obtained from Urbach tail energies derived from the films' visible absorption spectra. 53 From this analysis, it was shown that the H:C ratio in tar thin films decreases from $1.20 to $0.95 upon ll laser annealing, compared with the same films processed by furnace annealing, which decrease in H:C ratio to $1.05.…”

Section: Achieving Extreme Tunability In Hcmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…59,60 By tuning the crystalline structures of their internal hydrocarbon network structures, broadly distributed conductivities of ablated HCM thin films were obtained. 14 The higher graphitization of ablated low-volatile bituminous (LvB) coal leads to an order of magnitude higher conductivity ($800 S/m) compared with ablated tar ($80 S/m), while the poorly graphitized ablated mesophase pitch (MP) still shows a large conductivity ($500 S/m) due to its interconnected structure (Figure 3C).…”

Section: Achieving Extreme Tunability In Hcmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, although the majority of the aforementioned strategies were intended for applications other than probing reaction pathways, they clearly demonstrated the complexity of HCM models that should be considered to fully leverage the potential insights from computational studies. Jian et al 14,76,77 showed two approaches based on characteristics of a specific HCM type to explore and compare reaction pathways. Molecular representations for tar were built by mixing commercially available compounds to specifically match densities, H:C ratios, and aromatic contents with experimental counterparts.…”

Section: Understanding the Tunability Of Hcms With Computation Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of The High-temperature Reactions Of Hcmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 Another strategy to upgrade coals is to leverage their widely tunable chemistry in electronics or other functional structures. 6,13,14 Coal-derived sensors and energy harvesters could be produced at large scale and ultra-low cost, making them appealing for integration with large-volume applications such as construction and infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upgrading carbonaceous materials: Coal, tar, pitch, and beyond

Zang

Dong

Jian

et al. 2022

Matter

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Heavy carbonaceous materials (HCMs) such as coal are mostly used for nonrenewable power generation, while derivatives such as tar and pitch are often discarded by-products. Upgrading HCMs for a broad array of potential applications including their use in batteries, membranes, and catalysts could play an important role in the global demand for carbon neutralization. The diversity of HCMs is a technological asset that allows for the direct synthesis of highly customizable materials suited for specific applications. Herein, we will discuss state-of-the-art engineering techniques that can be employed to upscale HCMs and how the nature of the carbon source affects the final product. Further, we illustrate how machine learning (ML) methods can empower the screening of carbonaceous sources from this large family of materials with extremely diverse chemistry. We will also discuss data-driven methods to identify and prioritize the effects of individual processing parameters that could lead to a consistent as well as flexible manufacturing process.

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Section: Achieving Extreme Tunability In Hcmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Achieving Extreme Tunability In Hcmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Understanding the Tunability Of Hcms With Computation Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of The High-temperature Reactions Of Hcmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upgrading carbonaceous materials: Coal, tar, pitch, and beyond

Zang

Dong

Jian

et al. 2022

Matter

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“…Carbon materials such sparse vertical aligned carbon nanotube forest, carbon black and graphitic could function as near blackbody materials to increase the light absorptivity and emissivity. 24 The heavy polyaromatics in tar are transformed into a highly aromatic nano-scale framework during laser annealing, leading to the formation of nano-scale cavities acting as black-bodies with near-unity absorptivity, 12 similarly to nanoscale cavity absorption enhancements observed in carbon nanotubes. 24 Such structural property could enhance the laser absorptivity and emissivity within the tar-metal and lead to a higher internal temperatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Laser-Induced Tar-Mediated Sintering of Metals and Refractory Carbides in Air

et al. 2020

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Refractory Metals and their carbides possess extraordinary chemical and temperature resilience and exceptional mechanical strength. Yet, they are notoriously difficult to employ in additive manufacturing, due to the high temperatures needed for processing. State of the art approaches to manufacture these materials generally require either a high-energy laser or electron beam as well as ventilation to protect the metal powder from combustion. Here, we present a versatile manufacturing process that utilizes tar as both a light absorber and antioxidant binder

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Laser Induced Graphene/Silicon Carbide: Core–Shell Structure, Multifield Coupling Effects, and Pressure Sensor Applications

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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date, a variety of active layers including silver nanowires, [10] conductive polymers, [13] and graphene [14,15] have been used to prepare pressure sensors on elastomer substrates by infilling, [16] lithography, [17] screen, or inject-printing techniques. [18] Nevertheless, these methods are either limited by high-cost and complex technical routes, or involve high temperature and toxic processes, which cannot be truly adapted to green, health-focused wearable devices. [19][20][21][22] Therefore, it remains a daunting challenge to build flexible pressure sensors in a facile, cost-effective, and large-area-capable manner. [23][24][25] In 2014, Tour's group reported that the commercial polyimide (PI, Kapton) film can be directly converted into graphene by CO 2 laser scribing, which has attracted widespread attention. [26] Compared with conventional graphene synthesis methods such as mechanical stripping, chemical vapor deposition and chemical reduction, laser scribing enables large-scale, noncontact, mask-free production in an atmospheric environment. [27,28] The resulting product, known as laser-induced graphene (LIG), shows a 3D porous structure with high specific surface area (≈340 m 2 g −1 ), high thermal stability (>900 °C) and excellent sheet resistance (10 Ω sq −1 ) that can be assembled into different flexible sensors for accurate measurement of hydration, [29] strain, [30] pressure, [14,31] temperature, [32] and other parameters of interest. [33,34] Groundbreaking studies have also found the LIG can be synthesis using multiple pulsed-laser irradiation of carbon precursors including natural materials, [35] food, [36] and even nonpolymer materials. [37,38] However, there are still two challenges to achieve high-quality conversion of LIG. First, natural materials contain more combustible substances, such as proteins, sugars and lignin, than polymers. [39,40] The precursor is first amorphous carbonized and then converted to LIG, which usually requires multiple or defocused laser irradiation and the addition of commercial flame retardants. [41] Second, both from polymers and natural resources, the mechanical properties of LIG are poor while the inherent stiffness cannot meet the inevitable deformation in daily use. [14,42,43] A strategy was developed to remedy this deficiency by transferring the LIG obtained from original platform to elastomers. [5,44] Unfortunately, a significant improvement in flexibility is accompanied by a reduction in electrical properties (sheet resistance down from ≈10 to ≈60 Ω sq −1 ), because Latest advances have witnessed the laser scribing of various active materials from synthetic polymers to natural sources without masks, post-treatment, or toxic substances. However, laser induced graphene (LIG) on renewable precursors usually requires flame-retardant pretreatment and multistep pulsed or defocused irradiation. Laser scribing of silicon carbide (SiC) from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is limited by its high transparency over a broad wavelength range. Here, a structural design strategy ...

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Laser-engineered heavy hydrocarbons: Old materials with new opportunities

Cited by 41 publications

References 43 publications

Upgrading carbonaceous materials: Coal, tar, pitch, and beyond

Upgrading carbonaceous materials: Coal, tar, pitch, and beyond

Laser-Induced Tar-Mediated Sintering of Metals and Refractory Carbides in Air

Laser Induced Graphene/Silicon Carbide: Core–Shell Structure, Multifield Coupling Effects, and Pressure Sensor Applications

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