Natural attenuation/phytoremediation in the vadose zone of a former industrial sludge basin

Olson, Paul E.; Flechter, John S.; Philp, Paul

doi:10.1007/bf02987400

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It has become well-established that contaminated groundwater environments often undergo natural attenuation (also known as intrinsic bioremediation and natural restoration), whereby the concentration and toxicity of pollutants decrease over time. Reduction of the presence and influence of toxicants through natural attenuation is attributed to the in situ action of a combination of physical, chemical, and biological processes (Olson et al 2002). Recently, attempts have been made to use bioanalytical methods in order to evaluate the decrease of toxicity (Palmroth et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

AhR agonist and genotoxicant bioavailability in a PAH-contaminated soil undergoing biological treatment

Andersson

Rotander

Kronhelm³

et al. 2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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It has to be ensured that soft remediation methods like biodegradation or the natural remediation approach do not result in the mobilization of toxic compounds including more mobile degradation products. For PAH-contaminated sites this cannot be assured merely by monitoring the 16 target PAHs. The combined use of a battery of biotests for different types of PAH effects such as the CALUX and the Comet assay together with bioavailability extraction methods may be a useful screening tool of bioremediation processes of PAH-contaminated soil and contribute to a more accurate risk assessment. If the bioremediation causes a release of bound PAHs that are left undegraded in an easily extracted fraction, the soil may be more toxic to organisms living in the soil as a result of the treatment. A prolonged treatment time may be one way to reduce the risk of remaining mobile PAHs. In critical cases, the remediation concept might have to be changed to ex situ remediation methods.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

AhR agonist and genotoxicant bioavailability in a PAH-contaminated soil undergoing biological treatment

Andersson

Rotander

Kronhelm³

et al. 2009

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…An alternative method is to investigate microbial populations associated with the naturally established vegetation at a contaminated site. This forensic field approach provides a view of the long-term influence of a diverse array of plant species, including mature trees, on the degradation po-tential of the soil microbial community and in some cases on contaminant disappearance (25,34).…”

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confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)-Degrading Bacteria Associated with Trees in a PCB-Contaminated Site

Leigh

Prouzová

Macková

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

235

132

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The abundance, identities, and degradation abilities of indigenous polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-degrading bacteria associated with five species of mature trees growing naturally in a contaminated site were investigated to identify plants that enhance the microbial PCB degradation potential in soil. Culturable PCB degraders were associated with every plant species examined in both the rhizosphere and root zone, which was defined as the bulk soil in which the plant was rooted. Significantly higher numbers of PCB degraders (2.7-to 56.7-fold-higher means) were detected in the root zones of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) and goat willow (Salix caprea) than in the root zones of other plants or non-root-containing soil in certain seasons and at certain soil depths. The majority of culturable PCB degraders throughout the site and the majority of culturable PCB degraders associated with plants were identified as members of the genus Rhodococcus by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Other taxa of PCB-degrading bacteria included members of the genera Luteibacter and Williamsia, which have not previously been shown to include PCB degraders. PCB degradation assays revealed that some isolates from the site have broad congener specificities; these isolates included one Rhodococcus strain that exhibited degradation abilities similar to those of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400. Isolates with broad congener specificity were widespread at the site, including in the biostimulated root zone of willow. The apparent association of certain plant species with increased abundance of indigenous PCB degraders, including organisms with outstanding degradation abilities, throughout the root zone supports the notion that biostimulation through rhizoremediation is a promising strategy for enhancing PCB degradation in situ.Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic, persistent pollutants of worldwide concern whose cleanup using conventional methods like incineration or relocation to specialized landfills is often prohibitively expensive. An alternative strategy for in situ PCB removal is biodegradation by microorganisms capable of metabolizing PCBs. Although bioaugmentation of soil with degradative bacteria has been largely unsuccessful in achieving significant aerobic PCB degradation in the field (29), efforts to biostimulate indigenous PCB-degrading bacteria have been promising. Analogue enrichment with biphenyl has been shown to increase the numbers of aerobic PCB-degrading bacteria in soil microcosms (12, 51) and to enhance PCB degradation rates in soils (6, 12) and in situ sediments (18). Unfortunately, as a field remedial strategy, addition of biphenyl is problematic due to the low water solubility of biphenyl, the necessity of repeated application, and concerns about biphenyl toxicity. By capitalizing on the innate ability of plants to alter soil microbial community structure, rhizoremediation offers an attractive and affordable alternative means for long-term biostimulation of aerobic PCB degradation in situ.Rhizostimulation of aromatic poll...

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“…The most serious impediment to successful rhizoremediation is its limitation to the deepth of the root zone as many plants have relatively shallow root zones [5]. Conditions favouring degradation of organic pollutants decreases with increasing soil depth [40]. It has been stated that effective oxygen diffusion for desirable rates of biodegradation extends only about 30 cm into the soil profile [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phragmitis australies Growth and Tolerance to Crude Oil Contamination in Mangrove Swamp Soil

M¹

2014

J Bioremed Biodeg

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Natural attenuation/phytoremediation in the vadose zone of a former industrial sludge basin

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

AhR agonist and genotoxicant bioavailability in a PAH-contaminated soil undergoing biological treatment

AhR agonist and genotoxicant bioavailability in a PAH-contaminated soil undergoing biological treatment

Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)-Degrading Bacteria Associated with Trees in a PCB-Contaminated Site

Phragmitis australies Growth and Tolerance to Crude Oil Contamination in Mangrove Swamp Soil

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