Nationwide Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes and Associated Risk Factors Among Iranian Adults: Analysis of Data from PERSIAN Cohort Study

Khamseh, Mohammad E.; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Hashemi-Madani, Nahid; Joukar, Farahnaz; Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang; Faramarzi, Elnaz; Okati–Aliabad, Hassan; Rahimi, Zahra; Rezaianzadeh, Abbas; Homayounfar, Reza; Moradpour, Farhad; Valizadeh, Neda; Kheirandish, Masoumeh; Zaboli, Ehsan; Moslem, Alireza; Ahmadi, Ali; Hamzeh, Behrooz; Harooni, Javad; Pourfarzi, Farhad; Abolghasemi, Mohammad Reza; Safarpour, Ali Reza; Aminisani, Nayyereh; Mohammadi, Zahra; Eghtesad, Sareh; Poustchi, Hossein; Malekzadeh, Reza

doi:10.1007/s13300-021-01152-5

Cited by 52 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Similar to other countries located in the MENA region, Iran has witness an increasing trend in recent years, contributed by different factors including genetics, obesity, physical inactivity, urbanization, and poor nutritional habits [ 22 , 23 ]. In line with the present study, the prevalence of diabetes in most similar national studies was reported to be increasing, ranging from 7.4 to 24.5% [ 24 – 27 ]. These differences in the figures reported for diabetes prevalence can be attributed to differences associated with methods including different age distribution, different sample sizes, different time period, different regional focus, as well as lack of uniform diagnostic criteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes among Iranian population: results of four national cross-sectional STEPwise approach to surveillance surveys

et al. 2022

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Background Diabetes as a leading cause of death imposes a heavy burden on health systems worldwide. This study investigated the trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes among Iranian population aged 25 to 65 years over 12 years (2004-2016). Methods Secondary data analysis was performed using data from a national population-based survey, STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in four rounds (2004, 2007, 2011, 2016). The sample sizes were 89,404, 29,991, 12,103 and 30,541 individuals, respectively across the country in both rural and urban areas. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model with odds ratio at a significance level of less than 5% with no adjustment for age and sex. Logistic regression was used to identify socio-demographic factors associated with the levels of awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus. Results The prevalence of diabetes in four rounds was 8.4, 9, 11.1 and 13.2%, respectively. Among people with diabetes, 53.5, 65.6, 70.5 and 82.2% were aware of their condition and 35.9, 42, 46 and 39.6% were treated for this condition, respectively. In four rounds of study, 14.5, 20.8, 20.4 and 18.5% of all diabetic patients had adequate glycemic control, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, there was a significant relationship between female gender, age over 40, living in the urban area, being in the third wealth quintile and having health insurance with diabetes prevalence. Female participants were more likely to be aware of the disease. Older participants were more likely to receive treatment and had adequate glycemic control. Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes in Iran has been increasing and despite the great awareness of the disease, receiving treatment and effective control of the disease are suboptimal. While several national policies to improve diabetes screening and care have been passed in recent years, it seems large gaps remain in disease detection and treatment. It is suggested that more attention be paid to the treatment and control of diabetes by NCDs national policies to prevent the growing burden associated with the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes among Iranian population: results of four national cross-sectional STEPwise approach to surveillance surveys

et al. 2022

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“…Similarly, the number of diabetic patients has been rising among the Iranian population for the past 20 years [ 8 ]. A recent study showed a prevalence of 15.0% for diabetes mellitus and 25.4% for prediabetes in some provinces of Iran that did not encompass Tehran [ 9 ]. However, there is a considerable variation in the prevalence of diabetes between different geographical regions of the country [ 10 – 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the adult residents of tehran: Tehran Cohort Study

et al. 2022

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Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased in the past decades. We investigated the prevalence of diabetes and its awareness, treatment, and control among adult residents of Tehran. Methods We used the recruitment phase data of the Tehran Cohort study, enrolling a random sample of adult residents of Tehran aged ≥35 years. Diabetes was defined as self-report, current use of glucose-lowering medications, and/or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126mg/dl. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined as an FPG of 100-125mg/dl. Awareness was defined as diabetes self-report, treatment as receiving glucose-lowering medications, and glycemic control as FPG <126mg/dl. The age- and sex-weighted estimates were calculated using the 2016 national census. Logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with diabetes awareness, treatment, and control. Results A total of 8151 participants were included. Age- and sex-weighted prevalence of diabetes mellitus and IFG were 16.7% (95% CI: 15.1–18.4) and 25.1% (95% CI: 23.1–27.1), respectively. Diabetes was more prevalent in the eastern and central districts of Tehran. Advanced age (OR per 1-year increase: 1.026, 95% CI: 1.021-1.030), male sex (OR: 1.716, 95% CI: 1.543-1.909), higher BMI levels (OR for BMI ≥35 vs. <20 kg/m2: 4.852, 95% CI: 3.365-6.998), pre-existing hypertension (OR: 1.552, 95% CI: 1.378-1.747), dyslipidemia (OR: 1.692, 95% CI: 1.521-1.883), and chronic kidney disease (OR: 1.650, 95% CI: 1.019-2.673) were associated with an increased odds of diabetes mellitus. On the contrary, diabetes mellitus was less likely in current tobacco (OR: 0.872, 95% CI: 0.765-0.994) and alcohol users (OR: 0.836, 95% CI: 0.703-0.994) compared to non-users. Among diabetic individuals, 82.8% were aware of their condition, 71.9% received treatment, and 31.7% of treated patients had adequate glycemic control. Advanced age and pre-existing comorbidities, including hypertension and dyslipidemia, were associated with higher diabetes awareness and treatment. Furthermore, advanced age, higher levels of education, and female sex were determinants of better glycemic control among treated diabetic participants. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of diabetes and IFG among adult residents of Tehran. Additionally, more than two-thirds of treated diabetics living in Tehran remain uncontrolled.

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“…Updating information on the prevalence, control, treatment, and awareness of diabetes and prediabetes is essential for prioritizing and planning health care services and achieving the goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs in 2025 13 . In addition, measuring health inequalities is helpful in promoting equality and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes, diabetes awareness, treatment, and its socioeconomic inequality in west of Iran

Moradpour

Rezaei

Piroozi

et al. 2022

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We aim to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus (DM). We estimated awareness, treatment, plasma glucose control, and associated factors in diabetes, as well as, socioeconomic-related inequality in the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes. Data for adults aged 35–70 years were obtained from the baseline phase of the Dehgolan prospective cohort study (DehPCS). Diabetes status was determined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of ≥ 126 mg/dl and/or taking glucose lowering medication confirmed by a medical practitioner. Prediabetes was considered as 100 ≤ FPG ≤ 125 mg/dl. The relative concentration index (RCI) was used to exhibit socioeconomic inequality in the prevalence of prediabetes and DM. Prevalence of prediabetes and DM, diabetes awareness and treatment, and glycemic control of DM 18.22%, 10.00%, 78.50%, 68.91% and, 28.50%, respectively. Increasing age (p < 0.001), Increasing body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05), ex-smoker (p < 0.01), family history of diabetes (FHD) (p < 0.001), and comorbidity (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for DM. Age group of 46–60 (p < 0.05), ex-smoker (p < 0.05), FHD (p < 0.05) were increased chance of awareness. Current smokers (p < 0.05), and higher education increase the chance of glycemic control in DM. Both DM (RCI = − 0.234) and prediabetes (RCI = − 0.122) were concentrated significantly among less-educated participants. DM was concentrated significantly among poor (RCI = − 0.094) people. A significant proportion of DM awareness and treatment can be due to the integration of diabetes into the primary health care system. The high prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes, which is affected by socioeconomic inequality and combined with low levels of glycemic control may place a greater burden on the health system. Therefore, awareness, receiving treatment, and glycemic control in people with diabetes, and the socioeconomic status of people have become increasingly important in the near future.

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Nationwide Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes and Associated Risk Factors Among Iranian Adults: Analysis of Data from PERSIAN Cohort Study

Cited by 52 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes among Iranian population: results of four national cross-sectional STEPwise approach to surveillance surveys

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes among Iranian population: results of four national cross-sectional STEPwise approach to surveillance surveys

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the adult residents of tehran: Tehran Cohort Study

Prevalence of prediabetes, diabetes, diabetes awareness, treatment, and its socioeconomic inequality in west of Iran

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