Nationwide Microbiological Baseline Data Collected by Sponge Sampling during 1997 and 1998 for Cattle, Swine, Turkeys, and Geese

Abstract

During 1997 and 1998, the U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service completed nationwide microbiological baseline studies on four separate categories of livestock and poultry. Data were collected by sponge-sampling techniques. These studies were designed to provide nationwide estimates of the prevalence of Salmonella and prevalence and concentrations of Escherichia coli in cattle (n = 1,881), swine (n = 2,127), turkeys (n = 1,396), and geese (n = 102) in establishments under federal inspection. Salmonella prevalence ranged from 1.2% in cattle to 6.9% in swine, 13.7% in geese, and 19.6% in turkeys. The prevalence of E. coli was 16.6% in cattle (geometric mean = 0.26 CFU/cm2), 44.1% in swine (mean = 0.78 CFU/cm2), 92.7% in turkey (mean = 2.46 CFU/cm2), and 96.5% in geese (mean = 1.97 CFU/cm2). These values are similar to or somewhat lower than previous baseline values obtained for steers and heifers, cows and bulls, market hogs, and young turkeys. This study is the first in which nationwide microbiological baseline data have been compiled for geese. These data will be useful to individuals working with hazard analysis critical control point plans and risk assessment and to the research and academic communities.

The efficacy of interventions applied during primary processing on contamination of beef carcasses with Escherichia coli: A systematic review-meta-analysis of the published research

“…The electronic search was verified by hand-searching reference lists of eight primary research articles (Dorsa, Cutter, Siragusa, & Koohmaraie, 1996;Eblen et al, 2005;Gill, 2004;Heuvelink, Roessink, Bosboom, & de Boer, 2001;Smith, Sofos, Belk, Scanga, & Tatum, 2000;Sumner & Albrecht, 1995;Tergney & Bolton, 2006;Vivas-Alegre & Buncic, 2004) and eight narrative reviews or HACCP related papers (Dickson & Anderson, 1992;Edwards & Fung, 2006;International Meat and Poultry HACCP Alliance, 1996;Miller, Smith & Buchanan, 1998;Phillips, 1999;Russell, Diez-Gonzalez, & Jarvis, 2000;Stringer, 2005;Weingold, Guzewich, & Fudala, 1994), which were frequently cited in this topic area. Ten conference proceedings were also hand searched (Duffy, Garvey, Wasteson, McDowell, & Coia, 2001;Hoffmann & Webb, 2008;Hunt, 2005;IDF/FAO/WHO, 2008;International Dairy Federation, 2009;Støier, 2010;Troy, Buckley, Byrne, & Pearce, 2006 …”

Avaliação dos resultados de análises de Escherichia coli para verificação do controle de processos em um estabelecimento de abate de bovinos

“…Apesar da diferença encontrada na média de contagem de E.coli (33 UFC/cm² no primeiro estudo e 0,26 UFC/cm² no segundo), as ocorrências foram semelhantes, 15,8% no primeiro estudo e 16,6% no estudo seguinte, indicando que a detecção deste microorganismo não foi comprometida pelo método de coleta utilizado (Eblen et al, 2005).…”

Survey of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli and faecal coliforms in beef carcasses destined for export at slaughterhouses in Brazil

“…However, the sampling area was 200 cm 2 per carcass, whereas the sampling area in the present investigation was 400 cm 2 , which may have enabled the greater recovery of bacteria, thereby determining a higher percentage of contaminated carcasses. Similarly, data from the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA-FSIS) demonstrated the presence of bacteria in 16.6% of establishments under federal inspection (Eblen et al, 2005). The USDA-FSIS believes that generic (or non-pathogenic) E. coli is the best microbiological indicator of faecal contamination of beef carcasses, since the main contamination pathway by pathogenic bacteria, such as E. coli, is through the faeces (Department of Agriculture & Food Safety and Inspection Service, 1996).…”