National Trends in Emergency Department Use, Care Patterns, and Quality of Care of Older Adults in the United States

Pines, Jesse M.; Mullins, Peter M.; Cooper, James; Feng, Lisa Bo; Roth, Katalin

doi:10.1111/jgs.12072

Cited by 276 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…l Explore the relationships and associations between individual influences and demand so that the relative contribution each one makes can be assigned to a map or model. This would then support the development of service design and planning to meet the needs of local populations 19 and the development of predictive models that can be used to estimate likely changes in population needs for emergency and urgent health care. 22 l All of these will require the development of robust, system-wide information systems to support these complex functions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What evidence is there on the effectiveness of different models of delivering urgent care? A rapid review

Turner

Coster

Chambers

et al. 2015

Health Serv Deliv Res

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BackgroundIn 2013 NHS England set out its strategy for the development of an emergency and urgent care system that is more responsive to patients’ needs, improves outcomes and delivers clinically excellent and safe care. Knowledge about the current evidence base on models for provision of safe and effective urgent care, and the gaps in evidence that need to be addressed, can support this process.ObjectiveThe purpose of the evidence synthesis is to assess the nature and quality of the existing evidence base on delivery of emergency and urgent care services and identify gaps that require further primary research or evidence synthesis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and the Web of Science.MethodsWe have conducted a rapid, framework-based, evidence synthesis approach. Five separate reviews linked to themes in the NHS England review were conducted. One general and five theme-specific database searches were conducted for the years 1995–2014. Relevant systematic reviews and additional primary research papers were included and narrative assessment of evidence quality was conducted for each review.ResultsThe review was completed in 6 months. In total, 45 systematic reviews and 102 primary research studies have been included across all five reviews. The key findings for each review are as follows: (1) demand – there is little empirical evidence to explain increases in demand for urgent care; (2) telephone triage – overall, these services provide appropriate and safe decision-making with high patient satisfaction, but the required clinical skill mix and effectiveness in a system is unclear; (3) extended paramedic roles have been implemented in various health settings and appear to be successful at reducing the number of transports to hospital, making safe decisions about the need for transport and delivering acceptable, cost-effective care out of hospital; (4) emergency department (ED) – the evidence on co-location of general practitioner services with EDs indicates that there is potential to improve care. The attempt to summarise the evidence about wider ED operations proved to be too complex and further focused reviews are needed; and (5) there is no empirical evidence to support the design and development of urgent care networks.LimitationsAlthough there is a large body of evidence on relevant interventions, much of it is weak, with only very small numbers of randomised controlled trials identified. Evidence is dominated by single-site studies, many of which were uncontrolled.ConclusionsThe evidence gaps of most relevance to the delivery of services are (1) a requirement for more detailed understanding and mapping of the characteristics of demand to inform service planning; (2) assessment of the current state of urgent care network development and evaluation of the effectiveness of different models; and (3) expanding the current evidence base on existing interventions that are viewed as central to delivery of the NHS England plan by assessing the implications of increasing interventions at scale and measuring costs and system impact. It would be prudent to develop a national picture of existing pilot projects or interventions in development to support decisions about research commissioning.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research Programme.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One review 17 and two primary studies 19,25 only considered older populations. Two studies 16,22 investigated emergency ambulance utilisation, seven focused on ED attendances and one 24 on ED and GP out-of-hours (OOH) attendances.…”

Section: Summary Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What evidence is there on the effectiveness of different models of delivering urgent care? A rapid review

Turner

Coster

Chambers

et al. 2015

Health Serv Deliv Res

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“…1 About 20% of current ED patients are geriatric, and that proportion is expected to increase substantially. 2 In fact, the geriatric demographic is the only age cohort with increasing ED visit rates in Canada.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A national survey of Canadian emergency medicine residents’ comfort with geriatric emergency medicine

Snider

Melady

Costa

2016

CJEM

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Background: Geriatric patients represent a large and complex subgroup seen in emergency departments (EDs). Competencies in geriatric emergency medicine (EM) training have been established. Our objectives were to examine Canadian postgraduate year (PGY)-5 EM residents' comfort with the geriatric EM competency domains, assess whether Canadian EM residents become more comfortable through residency, and determine whether geriatric educational exposures are correlated with resident comfort with geriatric EM. Methods: A national, cross-sectional study of PGY-1 and PGY-5 Royal College EM residents was conducted to determine their comfort in geriatric EM clinical competency domains. Residents reported their level of comfort in satisfying each competency domain using a seven-point Likert scale. Residents were also asked about the location of their medical education as well as the type and number of different geriatric exposures that they had received to date. Results: Of the 141 eligible residents from across Canada, 77% (109) consented to participate. None of the PGY-1 EM residents and 34% (14) of PGY-5 EM residents reported that they were comfortable with all eight geriatric EM competency domains. PGY-5 EM residents were significantly more comfortable than PGY-1 EM residents. Residents reported a highly variable range of geriatric educational exposures obtained during training. No relationship was found between resident-reported comfort and the nature or number of geriatric exposures that they had received. Conclusion: Current Royal College EM residency training in Canada may not be adequately preparing graduates to be comfortable with defined competencies for the care of older ED patients.

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“…2 Older patients discharged to home from the ED are at high risk of experiencing adverse outcomes, including receiving inappropriate medications, return to the ED, and death. 3 Current ED care processes, and in particular ED discharge processes, are not optimized to meet the complex care needs of older adults or to ensure coordinated care beyond the ED.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Randomized Trial Exploring the Effect of a Telephone Call Follow‐up on Care Plan Compliance Among Older Adults Discharged Home From the Emergency Department

Biese

LaMantia

Shofer

et al. 2014

Academic Emergency Medicine

120

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Objectives: Older patients discharged from the emergency department (ED) have difficulty comprehending discharge plans and are at high risk of adverse outcomes. The authors investigated whether a postdischarge telephone call-mediated intervention by a nurse would improve discharge care plan adherence, specifically by expediting post-ED visit physician follow-up appointments and/or compliance with medication changes. The second objectives were to determine if this telephone call intervention would reduce return ED visits and/or hospitalizations within 35 days of the index ED visit and to determine potential cost savings of this intervention.Methods: This was a 10-week randomized, controlled trial among patients aged 65 and older discharged to home from an academic ED. At 1 to 3 days after each patient's index ED visit, a trained nurse called intervention group patients to review discharge instructions and assist with discharge plan compliance; placebo call group patients received a patient satisfaction survey call, while the control group patients were not called. Data collection calls occurred at 5 to 8 days and 30 to 35 days after the index ED visits for all three groups. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were performed for categorical data and the Kruskal-Wallis test examined group differences in time to follow-up.Results: A total of 120 patients completed the study. Patients were 60% female and 72% white, with a mean age of 75 years (standard deviation [SD] AE 7.58 years). Intervention patients were more likely to follow up with medical providers within 5 days of their ED visits than either the placebo or the control group patients (54, 20, and 37%, respectively; p = 0.04). All groups performed well in medication acquisition and comprehension of medication indications and dosage. There were no differences in return visits to the ED or hospital within 35 days of the index ED visit for intervention patients, compared to placebo or control group patients (22, 33, and 27%, respectively; p = 0.41). An economic analysis showed an estimated 70% chance that this intervention would reduce total costs. Conclusions:Telephone call follow-up of older patients discharged from the ED resulted in expedited follow-up for patients with their primary care physicians. Further study is warranted to determine if

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National Trends in Emergency Department Use, Care Patterns, and Quality of Care of Older Adults in the United States

Cited by 276 publications

References 24 publications

What evidence is there on the effectiveness of different models of delivering urgent care? A rapid review

What evidence is there on the effectiveness of different models of delivering urgent care? A rapid review

A national survey of Canadian emergency medicine residents’ comfort with geriatric emergency medicine

A Randomized Trial Exploring the Effect of a Telephone Call Follow‐up on Care Plan Compliance Among Older Adults Discharged Home From the Emergency Department

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