National identity and exclusion of non-ethnic migrants

Hochman, Oshrat; Raijman, Rebeca; Schmidt, Peter

doi:10.4324/9781315746111-5

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, all of our hypotheses were confirmed by the data, that is, the endorsement of an ethnic definition predicted lower pro-minority and higher pro-majority collective action and this connection was mediated by higher fear and lower empathy, while the endorsement of a civic definition predicted higher pro-minority and lower pro-majority collective action and this connection was mediated by lower fear and higher empathy. This result is in line with previous research suggesting the importance of the role of defining the nation in inclusive or exclusive ways (see Minescu et al, 2008 ; Wagner et al, 2012 ), and the potential consequences for the integration of minorities ( Sides and Citrin, 2007 ; Hochman et al, 2016 ; Golec de Zavala et al, 2017 ). As our outcome variable was pro-minority and pro-majority collective action, we were also able to show that these definitions of the nation matter for mobilization, as they predicted intergroup emotions differently which in turn predicted both types of mobilizations in opposite ways.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Endorsing a Civic (vs. an Ethnic) Definition of Citizenship Predicts Higher Pro-minority and Lower Pro-majority Collective Action Intentions

2018

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Europe has witnessed a polarization of intergroup attitudes and action tendencies in the context of the refugee crisis of 2015 and the rise of right-wing populism. Participation in both pro-minority collective action and right-wing nationalist movements has increased among members of ethnic majority groups. We analyzed these collective action intentions toward Roma people and Muslim immigrants in Hungary related to concepts of citizenship. In an online survey relying on a probabilistic sample that is demographically similar to the Hungarian population (N = 1069), we tested whether relying on the concept of ethnic citizenship predicted higher intentions to engage in pro-majority collective action, and lower intentions to engage in pro-minority collective action, and whether the connection was mediated by fear and empathy. We expected that the connections would be the opposite for civic citizenship. Our results supported the hypotheses, but we found that the ethnic definition was a stronger predictor of intergroup action intentions toward the immigrant group, and the civic definition a stronger predictor in case of the Roma minority group. In a second study (N = 320) we collected experimental evidence to show that civic and ethnic citizenship affected both types of collective action tendencies. We found that the manipulation had an effect on the concept of citizenship only in the ethnic dimension. Nevertheless, it influenced pro-minority collective action intentions especially in the presence of high empathy and low fear in the expected direction, that is, pro-minority collective action intentions were higher in the civic citizenship condition than in the ethnic citizenship condition. The effect was not found with regard to pro-majority collective action intentions. These findings highlight the potential consequences of nationalist rhetoric on intergroup action intentions and point out both the scope and the limits of influencing its effect.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Endorsing a Civic (vs. an Ethnic) Definition of Citizenship Predicts Higher Pro-minority and Lower Pro-majority Collective Action Intentions

2018

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“…Yet, along with a high correlation of factors and small differences in their exploratory power concerning policy positions (Janmaat, 2006; Wright et al, 2012, p. 471; cf. Hochmann et al, 2016, p. 73), the ambiguities concerning the content that constitutes the factors resulting in inconsistent factor structures across studies are striking (Ariely, 2020; Berg & Hjerm, 2010; Wright et al, 2012; cf. Hadler & Flesken, 2018; cf.…”

Section: The Missing Conceptual–methodological Link In National Ident...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reijerse et al, 2013), has been proven inadequate for the analysis of individual national identity. Using variable-centred methods, like factor analysis, many studies indeed confirmed the existence of two factors, mostly labelled as ethnic (-ascribed/objectivist) and civic (-voluntarist) (Helbling et al, 2016;Hochmann et al, 2016;Jones & Smith, 2001a, 2001bKunovich, 2009;Reeskens & Hooghe, 2010). Yet, along with a high correlation of factors and small differences in their exploratory power concerning policy positions (Janmaat, 2006;Wright et al, 2012, p. 471;cf.…”

Section: The Ethnic-civic Dichotomy In National Identity Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…National identity plays an important role in explaining social cohesion, trust, and in particular anti‐immigrant sentiments and has therefore also been used to explain the appeal of right‐wing (populist) parties (e.g., Bonikowski et al, 2021; Bonikowski & DiMaggio, 2016; Hjerm, 1998a; Hochmann et al, 2016; Jones & Smith, 2001a; Kunovich, 2009; Mader et al, 2021; Wright, 2011a). Yet, consensus on how to capture national identity is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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And if they don't dance, they are no friends of mine: Exploring boundaries of national identity

May

2023

Nations and Nationalism

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National identity is widely used to explain anti-immigrant attitudes and thus the appeal for right-wing (populist)parties. Yet, consensus on how to capture national identity is lacking. This article identifies ideal-typical patterns of national boundary making across 42 countries and more than 25 years beyond the ethnic-civic dichotomy and addresses the multidimensionality of national identity. Using latent class analysis and cluster analysis, four ideal-typical conceptions of nationhood are identified and shown to be differently related to national attachment, national pride, and national chauvinism. Overall, the results close the methodologicalempirical gap between classical approaches and recent inductive approaches to national identity and demonstrate that national identity is a cross-cultural phenomenon with distinct types.

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“…The two concepts are tightly aligned, underscoring the origins of national chauvinism in the perceived superiority of the nation's ethnic and religious majority. Empirically, ethnonationalism and traditional measures of national chauvinism have very similar effects reinforcing their conceptual overlap (Citrin, Reingold, et al, 1990; Citrin, Wong, et al, 2001; Hochman, Rajimna, & Schmidt, 2016; Lindstam, Matthias, & Harald, 2021; Schildkraut, 2011; Wong, 2010).…”

Section: A Primer On National Attachmentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nationalism, Patriotism, and Support for the European Union

Huddy

Ponte

Davies

2021

Political Psychology

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Does attachment to a nation enhance or dampen support for the European Union (EU)? Using the 2003 and 2013 ISSP national‐identity modules, we isolate and provide multi‐item measures of two distinct types of national attachment—nationalism and patriotism. We find that they are positively related yet have divergent effects. We validate the measures showing that nationalism increases, and patriotism decreases, support for nationalistic policies (anti‐immigration and protectionism) as expected. We then test the effects of nationalism and patriotism on EU attitudes and find that nationalism increases, and patriotism decreases, opposition to the EU. The presence of a neo‐nationalist political party enhanced the effects of nationalism on opposition to the EU, underscoring the importance of political rhetoric in shaping nationalistic EU opposition. In further support of the rhetoric hypothesis, the most‐educated nationalists are most likely to oppose the EU in countries with a neo‐nationalist political party and vote for such parties when present.

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National identity and exclusion of non-ethnic migrants

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Endorsing a Civic (vs. an Ethnic) Definition of Citizenship Predicts Higher Pro-minority and Lower Pro-majority Collective Action Intentions

Endorsing a Civic (vs. an Ethnic) Definition of Citizenship Predicts Higher Pro-minority and Lower Pro-majority Collective Action Intentions

And if they don't dance, they are no friends of mine: Exploring boundaries of national identity

Nationalism, Patriotism, and Support for the European Union

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