National five-year examination of inequalities and trends in emergency hospital admission for violence across England

Bellis, Mark A; Hughes, Karen; Wood, Sara; Wyke, S.; Perkins, Chris

doi:10.1136/ip.2010.030486

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Consequently, an industry with a concentration of individuals having acute and long-term health risks is perhaps not unexpected. However, consideration of childhood experiences brings into question whether even almost limitless resources in adulthood can undo the impacts of adverse childhoods, 32 or whether such resource can feed predispositions to risk behaviours. Rock and pop star survival also seems to relate to whether they have pursued successful solo careers (table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dying to be famous: retrospective cohort study of rock and pop star mortality and its association with adverse childhood experiences

et al. 2012

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ObjectivesRock and pop fame is associated with risk taking, substance use and premature mortality. We examine relationships between fame and premature mortality and test how such relationships vary with type of performer (eg, solo or band member) and nationality and whether cause of death is linked with prefame (adverse childhood) experiences.DesignA retrospective cohort analysis based on biographical data. An actuarial methodology compares postfame mortality to matched general populations. Cox survival and logistic regression techniques examine risk and protective factors for survival and links between adverse childhood experiences and cause of death, respectively.SettingNorth America and Europe.Participants1489 rock and pop stars reaching fame between 1956 and 2006.OutcomesStars’ postfame mortality relative to age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched populations (USA and UK); variations in survival with performer type, and in cause of mortality with exposure to adverse childhood experiences.ResultsRock/pop star mortality increases relative to the general population with time since fame. Increases are greater in North American stars and those with solo careers. Relative mortality begins to recover 25 years after fame in European but not North American stars. Those reaching fame from 1980 onwards have better survival rates. For deceased stars, cause of death was more likely to be substance use or risk-related in those with more adverse childhood experiences.ConclusionsRelationships between fame and mortality vary with performers’ characteristics. Adverse experiences in early life may leave some predisposed to health-damaging behaviours, with fame and extreme wealth providing greater opportunities to engage in risk-taking. Millions of youths wish to emulate their icons. It is important they recognise that substance use and risk-taking may be rooted in childhood adversity rather than seeing them as symbols of success.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dying to be famous: retrospective cohort study of rock and pop star mortality and its association with adverse childhood experiences

et al. 2012

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“…We selected demographic covariates to control for the potential confounding effect of age, sex, SES and status as an Aboriginal person based on findings from previous research 9 10. Data on each of these measures are maintained and regularly updated in the health insurance registry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cohort study of regional migration and the risks of attempted suicide and violent assault injury

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesWe study the association between changing residence and risks of attempted suicide and violent assault injury in Alberta, Canada. Our primary objective is to understand whether a change in residence between urban, rural and semiurban areas is associated with increased risk of intentional injury. Methods Study subjects are a cohort of residents linked to data on emergency department and inpatient hospital admissions between 1999 and 2010. We used generalised estimating equations to model the effects of changing residence on risk of intentional injury while controlling for the influence of age, sex, socio-economic status, Aboriginal status and history of intentional injury. Results Changing residence is associated with an increase in the risk of both attempted suicide and violent assault injury. In the case of attempted suicide, this effect is strongest for persons between 20 and 35 years of age. For violent assault injuries, persons from rural regions that have recently moved to urban regions have higher risk of injuries, and women of rural origin are at higher risk of violent assault injury than women of urban origin. Conclusions Our findings reveal an association between risk of intentional injuries and change of residence adjusting for geographical differences in injury risk. These findings suggest that intentional injury risk is associated with change in community at intraregional scales and that these populations may benefit from support that helps integrate them into their new communities.

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“…For example, meta-analysis of estimates from 34 studies showed that both homicide and assault, but not rape or robbery, were closely linked to poverty and income inequality 15. In England, an ecological study found that risk of violent injury was six times greater in deprived communities compared with affluent 16. Income inequality, measured using the Gini coefficient, has also been shown to have a positive effect on homicide and self-reported assault in a study of 169 low-income, middle-income and high-income countries, including the UK 17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing violence-related injuries in England and Wales: a panel study examining the impact of on-trade and off-trade alcohol prices

et al. 2016

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ResultsReal on-trade (β=-0.661, p<0.01) and off-trade (β=-0.277, p<0.05) alcohol prices were negatively related with rates of violence-related ED attendance among the adult population of England and Wales, after accounting for the effects of regional poverty, income inequality, youth spending power and seasonal effects. It is estimated that over 6,000 fewer violence-related ED attendances per year in England and Wales would result from a 1% increase in both on-trade and off-trade alcohol prices above inflation. Of the variables studied, changes in regional poverty and income inequality had the greatest effect on violence-related ED attendances in England and Wales. ConclusionSmall increases in the price of alcohol, above inflation, in both markets, would substantially reduce the number of patients attending EDs for treatment of violence-related injuries in England and Wales.Reforming the current alcohol taxation system may be more effective at reducing violence-related injury than minimum unit pricing. 3 KEY MESSAGEWhat is already known on this subject?  A causal link between alcohol and violence is often assumed but has proven difficult to establish. A link between the price of beer and risk of violence-related injury has been identified in England and Wales; lower beer prices were associated with higher rates of violence-related Emergency Department attendance. What this study adds Risk of violence-related Emergency Department attendance in England and Wales is greater when on-trade and off-trade alcohol prices are lower. On-trade alcohol prices have a greater impact on violence than off-trade prices.

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National five-year examination of inequalities and trends in emergency hospital admission for violence across England

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Dying to be famous: retrospective cohort study of rock and pop star mortality and its association with adverse childhood experiences

Dying to be famous: retrospective cohort study of rock and pop star mortality and its association with adverse childhood experiences

A cohort study of regional migration and the risks of attempted suicide and violent assault injury

Preventing violence-related injuries in England and Wales: a panel study examining the impact of on-trade and off-trade alcohol prices

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