Preventing violence-related injuries in England and Wales: a panel study examining the impact of on-trade and off-trade alcohol prices

Page, Nicholas; Sivarajasingam, Vaseekaran; Matthews, Kent; Heravi, Saeed; Morgan, Phillip L.; Shepherd, Jonathan Paul

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041884

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Neighborhood poverty and markers of economic stress, such as food insecurity, and financial dependence, have been linked to many forms of violence (Bonomi, Trabert, Anderson, Kernic, & Holt, 2014; Capaldi et al, 2012; Freisthler et al, 2006; Jewkes, Fulu, Roselli, & Garcia-Moreno, 2013; Johannesen & LoGiudice, 2013; Losel & Farrington, 2012; Luo, Florence, Quispe-Agnoli, Ouyang, & Crosby, 2011; Rehkopf & Buka, 2006; Slack et al, 2011). Previous ecological studies have linked national, regional, and state-level rates of poverty and economic stress to violence and other health outcomes (Holtgrave & Crosby, 2003; Page et al, 2016; Wolf, Gray, & Fazel, 2014), and research on indicators of financial hardship suggest that housing-related expenses contribute substantially to individuals' and families' financial stress (Bray, 2001; Kutty, 2005). As such, we measure economic stress using census data on residents’ median rent-to-income ratio.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal determinants of violent death: The extent to which social, economic, and structural characteristics explain differences in violence across Australia, Canada, and the United States

Wilkins

Zhang

Mack

et al. 2019

SSM - Population Health

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In this ecological study, we attempt to quantify the extent to which differences in homicide and suicide death rates between three countries, and among states/provinces within those countries, may be explained by differences in their social, economic, and structural characteristics. We examine the relationship between state/province level measures of societal risk factors and state/province level rates of violent death (homicide and suicide) across Australia, Canada, and the United States. Census and mortality data from each of these three countries were used. Rates of societal level characteristics were assessed and included residential instability, self-employment, income inequality, gender economic inequity, economic stress, alcohol outlet density, and employment opportunities). Residential instability, self-employment, and income inequality were associated with rates of both homicide and suicide and gender economic inequity was associated with rates of suicide only. This study opens lines of inquiry around what contributes to the overall burden of violence-related injuries in societies and provides preliminary findings on potential societal characteristics that are associated with differences in injury and violence rates across populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Societal determinants of violent death: The extent to which social, economic, and structural characteristics explain differences in violence across Australia, Canada, and the United States

Wilkins

Zhang

Mack

et al. 2019

SSM - Population Health

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“…Particularly, evidence for the effectiveness of brief interventions in ED's have demonstrated a reduction in violence-related injury and consequences by targeting youth peer violence and alcohol misuse (Walton et al, 2010). Furthermore, there has been some evidence that increasing the price of alcohol has led to a reduction in violencerelated injuries requiring hospital treatment (Page et al, 2016). Increases in alcohol prices may be particularly beneficial to youth who represent a high-risk population for violence-related injuries treated in ED's.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for violence-related injuries in emergency departments: a Danish linkage study

Murphy

Kruse

Elklit

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Interpersonal violence is a pervasive global public health problem associated with myriad health, social and economic consequences. In recent years the rates of interpersonal violence have decreased, however, high numbers of individuals continue to present to emergency departments for non-fatal violence-related injuries. Objective: This study aimed to examine a range of risk factors associated with violencerelated injuries in an emergency department in Denmark. Method: A case-control study was conducted on a sample of 3,940 victims of violence collected by the Accident Analysis Center for Aarhus County Municipality. Using the Danish Civil Registry System, controls were matched 10:1 on age, gender and municipality. Risk factors were rendered from Danish health and social registers five years prior to the violent assault. These included marital status, educational qualification, employment status, national origin, involvement with child protective services (CPS), prior convictions, and a diagnosis of adjustment disorder and alcohol and/or substance use disorders. Results: Multivariate logistic regression identified that being male, divorced, unmarried, non-Danish origin, attending compulsory education, being outside the labour force, students, involvement with CPS, prior criminal conviction and a diagnosis of alcohol and/or substance use disorders were associated with an increased likelihood of being exposed to violence. The dominant risk factors were alcohol and/or substance use disorders (OR = 3.62) and prior criminal conviction (OR = 3.54). Attainment of tertiary education was associated with a reduced likelihood of being a victim of violence. Conclusion: These findings highlight that research into effective interventions offered in emergency departments may help the public health effort to reduce the health, social and economic burden of interpersonal violence.

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“…It is therefore important to extend prevention programs for alcohol use to diminish the direct and indirect costs caused by alcohol-intoxicated patients. Public health programs and interventions are urgently required and may help to solve this problem [29].…”

Section: Predictors and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other preventive options may range from brief emergency room interventions to reduce re-admittance due to alcohol intoxications [30] to interventions at the national level by increasing taxes on alcoholic beverages [1], as a recent meta-analysis of the literature found that prices and taxes for alcoholic beverages are inversely related to the amount of alcohol consumption [4]. A disease modelling study suggested that violence-related ED visits might be reduced by 6000 a year in the UK by a 1% increase in the alcohol tax [29].…”

Section: Predictors and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of High Resource Consumption in Alcohol Intoxicated Patients in the Emergency Department

Rönz

Hirschi

Becker

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: previous studies have reported that the incidence of alcohol-related visits to emergency departments (ED) has increased, but little is known about how the necessary resources per visit have changed, or about the predictors and reasons for resource consumption. Methods: a retrospective analysis was performed of all consultations with a primary or secondary diagnosis of acute alcohol intoxication admitted to the ED of Bern University Hospital, Switzerland, between 1 June 2012, and 31 May 2017. Clinical characteristics and resource consumption were extracted and analysed over time. Results: in all, 196,045 ED consultations included 2586 acute alcohol intoxications, corresponding to 1.3% of the total. The incidences of acute alcohol intoxications have tended to increase over the last five years, and a growing number of visits have consumed high resources (consultations above the 75th percentile for total resource consumption). High resource consumption was associated with greater age and the male gender (p < 0.001). The main predictors of resource consumption were fractures (Odds ratio (OR): 3.9, 95% CI 2.8–5.3, p < 0.001), dislocations (OR 3.7, 95%: 1.5–9.1, p < 0.001), and traumatic brain injury (3.5, 2.5–5.1, p < 0.001). Consultations consuming high resources mostly required radiology resources (45%); consultations consuming low or normal resources mostly required physicians’ work (45%) or nurses’ work (27%). Conclusions: the number of alcohol intoxications consuming high resources has increased over the last five years. Acute alcohol intoxication associated with trauma is resource intensive, especially with regard to radiology resources. This underlines the need for further efforts to prevent alcohol-related traffic accidents, for examples.

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Preventing violence-related injuries in England and Wales: a panel study examining the impact of on-trade and off-trade alcohol prices

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Societal determinants of violent death: The extent to which social, economic, and structural characteristics explain differences in violence across Australia, Canada, and the United States

Societal determinants of violent death: The extent to which social, economic, and structural characteristics explain differences in violence across Australia, Canada, and the United States

Risk factors for violence-related injuries in emergency departments: a Danish linkage study

Predictors of High Resource Consumption in Alcohol Intoxicated Patients in the Emergency Department

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