“…Inclusion criteria were the countries identified by the total score of power distance index (pdi), individualism (idv), uncertainty avoidance index (uai), and long-term orientation (ltowvs). Note that the national cultural orientations have been relatively enduring (Abraham, 2019). There were 60 countries that fulfilled the inclusion criteria: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong SAR, China, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea Rep., Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Vietnam.…”