ABSTRACT. Patriotism is one of the citizenship values that need to be taught in social studies. This study explored social studies teacher candidates' perceptions of patriotism and patriotic education. The study was conducted in phenomenology design and it included 15 social studies teacher candidates. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. The study found that all the teacher candidates primarily associated patriotism with love, respect and commitment. Also, some of the participants regarded patriotism as fulfilling one's responsibilities while some others considered it as striving for human rights and democracy. In addition, the participants had a constructive and democratic perception of patriotism in general. The social studies teacher candidates' perception of patriotism is influenced by their families' and social environments' perception of patriotism and patriotism messages given by the educational system and media. Finally, the teacher candidates' perception of patriotism had a direct impact on their perspective on patriotic education. Keywords: Patriotism, Social studies, Citizenship education, Teacher candidates
SUMMARYPurpose and significance: Patriotism is a citizenship value evolving with globalization. Teacher candidates' perceptions of patriotism are significant for citizenship education as a part of teaching social studies. This study aims to understand social studies teacher candidates' perception of patriotism. The results from this study might contribute to citizenship education within social studies.
Methods:This study used phenomenological approach in qualitative research. A total of 15 social studies teacher candidates studying social studies education in their senior years participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically.
Findings:The results showed that all the teacher candidates primarily associated patriotism with love, respect and commitment. Also, some of the participants regarded patriotism as fulfilling one's responsibilities while some others considered it as striving for human rights and democracy. In addition, the participants generally had a constructive and democratic perception of patriotism. Some factors such as family, residential social environment, educational background, ethnicity and media were found to be effective in the development of the perception of patriotism in social studies teacher candidates. Finally, the teacher candidates' perception of patriotism had a direct impact on their perspective on patriotic education.
Discussion:The majority of the teacher candidates stated that they had maintained a dogmatic perception of patriotism until their higher education, but their critical thinking skills and respect for diversity developed and they acquired a more inclusive and democratic perception of patriotism. However, this result should be expected to vary according to one's institution of higher education in higher education. In this sense, it is important to offer demo...